Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index

283 Record(s) Found in our database

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1. Record Number: 45229
Author(s): Eliezer son of Nathan, , and Elisheva Baumgarten
Contributor(s):
Title : Women as Business Partners

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Elisheva Baumgarten and comes from Sefer Ra’avan hu Even haEzer, vol. 1, Deblitzky edition (Bnei Brak, 2012), 431–32, §115 . 2022. Pages 63 - 64. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

2. Record Number: 44703
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and Women Behaving Badly: (b) Gisli Sursson Defends the Family Honor, (c) On the Penalties for Poetry, (d) Hallfred the Troublesome Poet and Kolfinna, (e) Grettir the Strong Puts a Woman in Her Place

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Pages 129 - 132.
Year of Publication: 2020.

3. Record Number: 39927
Author(s): , Unknown
Contributor(s): McAvoy, Liz Herbert, ed. and trans.
Title : A Revelation of Purgatory

Source: A Revelation of Purgatory. Edited by Liz Herbert McAvoy. Library of Medieval Women series . D. S. Brewer, 2017. Pages 72 - 155.
Year of Publication: 2017.

4. Record Number: 32334
Author(s): Long, Jane C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dangerous Women: Observations on the Feast of Herod in Florentine Art of the Early Renaissance

Source: Renaissance Quarterly , 66., 4 ( 2013): Pages 1153 - 1205.
Year of Publication: 2013.

5. Record Number: 30981
Author(s): Warr, Cordelia
Contributor(s):
Title : Visualizing Stigmata: Stigmatic Saints and Crises of Representation in Late medieval and Early Modern Italy

Source: Studies in Church History , 47., ( 2011): Pages 228 - 247. Special issue: Saints and Sanctity
Year of Publication: 2011.

6. Record Number: 29711
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Unn the Deep-Minded Takes Control of Her Life

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, 14. University of Toronto Press, 2010. Studies in Church History , 47., ( 2011): Pages 126 - 129. Published also in the third edition of The Viking Age: A Reader (University of Toronto Press, 2020), pp. 96-100.
Year of Publication: 2010.

7. Record Number: 29714
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : A Warrior Woman

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, 14. University of Toronto Press, 2010. Studies in Church History , 47., ( 2011): Pages 136 - 137. Published also in the third edition of The Viking Age: A Reader (University of Toronto Press, 2020), pp. 158-159.
Year of Publication: 2010.

8. Record Number: 27573
Author(s): Sinkevic, Ida,
Contributor(s):
Title : Fresco-Icons in Royal Portraits of Queen Tamar

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference , 35., ( 2009): Pages 26 - 26.
Year of Publication: 2009.

9. Record Number: 24050
Author(s): Smith, Kathryn A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Book, Body, and the Construction of Self in the Taymouth Hours [The author analyzes miniatures and bas de page illustrations in a book of hours made for an English royal woman in the 1330s. Smith finds evidence of models of appropriate devout behavior for the laity. The portrait of the book owner at prayer during mass shows her with hands extended and the book of hours at her side. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Negotiating Community and Difference in Medieval Europe: Gender, Power, Patronage, and the Authority of Religion in Latin Christendom. Edited by Katherine Allen Smith and Scott Wells Studies in the History of Christian Traditions . Brill, 2009. Studies in Church History , 47., ( 2011): Pages 173 - 204.
Year of Publication: 2009.

10. Record Number: 24048
Author(s): Berman, Constance Hoffman
Contributor(s):
Title : Noble Women's Power as Reflected in the Foundations of Cistercian Houses for Nuns in Thirteenth-Century Northern France: Port-Royal, les Clairets, Moncey, Lieu and Eau-lez-Chartres [The author examines five Cistercian female houses supported by Matilda of Brunswick, the Countess of the Perche; Matilda of Garlande, Lady of Marly; and Isabelle, Countess of Chartres with the help of her daughter, Matilda of Amboise. Berman argues that these actions reveal the power and authority women exercised and need to be incorporated into the historical narrative. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

11. Record Number: 20001
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Reading the Annunciation

Source: Art History , 30., 3 (June 2007): Pages 349 - 363.
Year of Publication: 2007.

12. Record Number: 19950
Author(s): Jordan, Erin L.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Abduction" of Ida of Boulogne: Assessing Women's Agency in Thirteenth-Century France

Source: French Historical Studies , 30., 1 (Winter 2007): Pages 1 - 20.
Year of Publication: 2007.

13. Record Number: 20731
Author(s): Shadis, Miriam
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Gender, and Rulership in Romance Europe: The Iberian Case

Source: History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 481 - 487.
Year of Publication: 2006.

14. Record Number: 20779
Author(s): Meyer, Mati
Contributor(s):
Title : The Levite's Concubine: Imaging the Marginal Woman in Byzantine Society [Provides comparative discussion of different representations of the rape of the concubine within the corpus of illuminated Byzantine manuscripts; extrapolates on what these different representations -particularly of clothing--reveal about contemporary clergy's attitudes towards the concepts of women, sexuality, and the function of marriage. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 27., ( 2006): Pages 45 - 76.
Year of Publication: 2006.

15. Record Number: 11760
Author(s): Schleif, Corine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men on the Right- Women on the Left: (A)symmetrical Spaces and Gendered Places [The author argues that the symbolism attached to left and right becomes gendered so that male and female donors have their appointed places. Yet some situations and artworks make the categories more complicated than a simple binary. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's Space: Patronage, Place, and Gender in the Medieval Church. Edited by Virginia Chieffo Raguin and Sarah Stanbury . State University of New York Press, 2005. Studies in Iconography , 27., ( 2006): Pages 207 - 249.
Year of Publication: 2005.

16. Record Number: 11456
Author(s): Tilghman, Carla.
Contributor(s):
Title : Giovanna Cenami's Veil: A Neglected Detail [The author analyzes the woman's veil in Van Eyck's "Wedding of Arnolfini." Evidence in other artworks suggests that this ruffled veil had its heyday in the mid-to-late fourteenth century. In 1434 Van Eyck may have used the old fashioned veil to signal a ceremonial occasion in which the betrothed young woman by her headress and clothing conveyed dignity and a prosperous social status. Tilghman wove some linen samples to determine the best methods for making ruffled edges. The veil would have had to be a single length without seams approximately six yards long. It would probably have been a specialty item and would have been costly. Tilghman speculates that it might have been a family treasure passed down to Giovanna Cenami. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval clothing and textiles. Vol. 1. Edited by Robin Netherton and Gale R Owen-Crocker . Boydell Press, 2005. Studies in Iconography , 27., ( 2006): Pages 155 - 172.
Year of Publication: 2005.

17. Record Number: 13674
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendering Viragos: Medieval Perceptions of Powerful Women [The author explores the medieval concept of the virago, a lordly woman who exercised authoritative powers. Case studies include Adelaide, duchess of Turin; Gunhild, sister of Swein, the Danish king of England; Bertrada of Montfort, wife of King Louis VI; and Adela, countess of Blois. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women 4: Victims or Viragos? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2005. Studies in Iconography , 27., ( 2006): Pages 17 - 38.
Year of Publication: 2005.

18. Record Number: 20783
Author(s): Sarit, Shalev-Eyni
Contributor(s):
Title : In the Days of the Barley Harvest: the Iconography of Ruth [Provides a comparative study of the iconographic devices used in the Tripartite Mahzor and the Padua Bible to represent the story of Ruth. Special attention is paid to how the relationship of the illustrations in the two documents reflects contemporary Christian interest in Jewish pictorial tradition. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Artibus et Historiae , 51., ( 2005): Pages 37 - 58.
Year of Publication: 2005.

19. Record Number: 11453
Author(s): Owen-Crocker, Gale R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pomp, Piety, and Keeping the Woman in Her Place: The Dress of Cnut and Aelfgifu-Emma [The author analyzes a manscript miniature which depicts King Cnut and his wife Emma (whose Anglo-Saxon name was Aelfgifu) flanking an altar with a cross. Owen-Crocker argues that the clothing and positions of the two figures serve to subordinate Emma to her husband. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval clothing and textiles. Vol. 1. Edited by Robin Netherton and Gale R Owen-Crocker . Boydell Press, 2005. Artibus et Historiae , 51., ( 2005): Pages 41 - 52.
Year of Publication: 2005.

20. Record Number: 20782
Author(s): Trout, Dennis
Contributor(s):
Title : Theodelinda's Rome: "Ampullae," "Pittacia," and the Image of the City [Describes the political significance of Theodelinda's patronage of a collection of oils from the Roman "martyria," its repercussions on her relationship with Pope Gregory the Great, and that of Lombardy with the papacy in Rome. Also investigates how the burial locations of saints defined the layout of medieval cities. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome , 50., ( 2005): Pages 131 - 145.
Year of Publication: 2005.

21. Record Number: 14123
Author(s): Bleyerveld, Yvonne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Powerful Women, Foolish Men: The Popularity of the "Power of Women" Topos in Art [The author briefly describes the subject matter, themes, and audiences for the Power of Women topos. Biblical stories and classical myths provided the narratives in which dominant women humiliated the men who were in love with them. Bleyerveld argues tha

Source: Women of Distinction: Margaret of York | Margaret of Austria. Edited by Dagmar Eichberger . Brepols, 2005. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome , 50., ( 2005): Pages 166 - 175.
Year of Publication: 2005.

22. Record Number: 13760
Author(s): Campbell, Lorne and Yvonne Szafran
Contributor(s):
Title : The Portrait of Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy, in the J. Paul Getty Museum [The authors argue that the portrait was based on Rogier van der Weyden's donor portrait of Isabel done for the altarpiece given to the Portugese monastery of Batalha. An assistant painted the panel portrait perhaps around 1450 without the skill or sensitivity of van der Weyden. The painting evidently passed to Isabel's great-granddaughter, Margaret of Austria, where it was given more magnificent clothing and jewels around 1530. An inscription was added perhaps around 1600 identifying the woman as a sibyl. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Burlington Magazine , 146., 1212 (March 2004): Pages 148 - 157.
Year of Publication: 2004.

23. Record Number: 10854
Author(s): Simon, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reading Reading Women: Double-Mirroring the "Dame" in "Der Ritter vom Turn"

Source: Troubled Vision: Gender, Sexuality, and Sight in Medieval Text and Image. Edited by Emma Campbell and Robert Mills . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Burlington Magazine , 146., 1212 (March 2004): Pages 175 - 192.
Year of Publication: 2004.

24. Record Number: 10725
Author(s): Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Gender Shared Sovereignty: Texts and the Royal Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand [The author analyzes the first year of Isabella's and Ferdinand's joint reign through the texts of four chroniclers: Fernando del Pulgar, Alfonso de Palencia, Diego de Valera, and Juan de Flores. Lehfeldt finds that Valera consistently defends Isabella's right to rule, while Palencia is harshly critical much of the time. Flores and Pulgar seemingly tried to avoid committing themselves to either monarch. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women, Texts, and Authority in the Early Modern Spanish World. Edited by Marta V. Vicente and Luis R. Corteguera . Ashgate, 2003. Studies in Iconography , 24., ( 2003): Pages 37 - 55.
Year of Publication: 2003.

25. Record Number: 10748
Author(s): Carroll, Jane L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Woven Devotions: Reform and Piety in Tapestries by Dominican Nuns [The author examines two tapestries that were produced by Dominican nuns in Germany. Both have small depictions of nuns working at looms in the margins. Carroll suggests that these images are part self-portraits, part devotional images, while also serving as exemplars of the Dominican reform for a "vita activa" that avoided luxury and sloth. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Saints, Sinners, and Sisters: Gender and Northern Art in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Jane L. Carroll and Alison G. Stewart . Ashgate, 2003. Studies in Iconography , 24., ( 2003): Pages 182 - 201.
Year of Publication: 2003.

26. Record Number: 10783
Author(s): Jones, Leslie C. and Jonathan J. G. Alexander
Contributor(s):
Title : The Annunciation to the Shepherdess [The authors explore the representation of shepherdesses in fifteenth century deluxe books of hours. There are a variety of types including eroticized figures, pious saint-like young women, and disorderly peasant dancers. The authors suggest that in many cases differences in social class are being emphasized for noble owners (both male and female) of these books of hours. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 24., ( 2003): Pages 165 - 198.
Year of Publication: 2003.

27. Record Number: 10996
Author(s): de Vries, Joyce.
Contributor(s):
Title : Caterina Sforza's Portrait Medals: Power, Gender and Representation in the Italian Renaissance Court [Caterina Sforza ruled Forli and Imola after the murder of her husband. She commissioned a series of portrait medals that established her persona first as a noble young wife, then a widow-ruler, and finally as a triumphant regent. The medals use motifs associated with male political power to indicate her authority and success. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 23 - 28.
Year of Publication: 2003.

28. Record Number: 10451
Author(s): Ingham, Patricia Clare.
Contributor(s):
Title : From Kinship to Kingship: Mourning, Gender, and Anglo-Saxon Community [The author examines the characters Wealthow and Hildeburh in "Beowulf" and, to a lesser degree, the poems, "The Wife's Lament" and "Wulf and Eadwacer." Ingham argues that the women do important cultural work as the ones responsible for hopeless loss. In the larger historical moment they uphold the ties of kinship as society comes to accept the personal loyalty owed to a centralizing sovereign. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Grief and Gender: 700-1700. Edited by Jennifer C. Vaught with Lynne Dickson Bruckner . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 17 - 31.
Year of Publication: 2003.

29. Record Number: 8709
Author(s): Webb, Diana.
Contributor(s):
Title : Freedom of Movement? Women Travellers in the Middle Ages [The author provides a brief overview of women who travelled during the late Middle Ages. On occasion demands of business, politics, or war required women to travel. However, the most frequent reason for travel was pilgrimage, sometimes to local or religious shrines, but also to distant locations like Rome and Jerusalem. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women: Pawns or Players? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2003. Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 75 - 89.
Year of Publication: 2003.

30. Record Number: 11656
Author(s): Mills, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : Can the Virgin Martyr Speak? [The author draws out parallels between the virgin martyr and the Hindu widow who commits sati. At issue are the tensions between victimization and empowerment within the context of patriarchy, social class, and gender. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Virginities. Edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages series. University of Wales Press; University of Toronto Press, 2003. Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 187 - 213.
Year of Publication: 2003.

31. Record Number: 9721
Author(s): Craig, Leigh Ann
Contributor(s):
Title : Stronger Than Men and Braver Than Knights: Women and the Pilgrimages to Jerusalem and Rome in the Later Middle Ages

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 29., 3 (September 2003): Pages 153 - 175.
Year of Publication: 2003.

32. Record Number: 8071
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Public Exposure? Consorts and Ritual in Late Medieval Europe: The Example of the Entrance of the Dogaresse of Venice [The author argues that the ceremonial processions of the wives of the new doges both contained and empowered these women. The ceremonies had something in common with coronation rites and with wedding ceremonies. The peculiar conditions governing the doge's political power meant that dynastic succession (and his consort's fertility) were not issues of concern. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Master Narrative: Women and Power in the Middle Ages. Edited by Mary C. Erler and Maryanne Kowaleski . Cornell University Press, 2003. Journal of Medieval History , 29., 3 (September 2003): Pages 174 - 189.
Year of Publication: 2003.

33. Record Number: 8713
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Hyr Wombe Insaciate: The Iconography of the Feminised Monster [The author examines woodcuts and a painting in which the monsters are both feminized and sexualized. The author argues that they refer to a type of femininity that is both sexual and bestial. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women: Pawns or Players? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2003. Journal of Medieval History , 29., 3 (September 2003): Pages 177 - 196.
Year of Publication: 2003.

34. Record Number: 8070
Author(s): French, Kathrine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in the Late Medieval English Parish [The author argues that parish guilds in England were important because they gave women the opportunity to join single-sex organizations that were approved by the community. Women took leadership roles and created activities and rituals that were meaningful for their lives. While generally reinforcing accepted gender behaviors, customs like Hocktide (in which women held men captive for ransom-contributions to the parish) made authorities uneasy. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

35. Record Number: 10906
Author(s): Hamilton, Tracy Chapman
Contributor(s):
Title : Queenship and Kinship in the French "Bible moralisée": The Example of Blanche of Castile and Vienna ÖNB 2554 [The author argues that the manuscript was commissioned by Blanche possibly during the early period of her regency. The repeated images of childbirth and Sainte Église in the illuminations emphasize Blanche's particular rights as mother and authorized regent. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Capetian Women. Edited by Kathleen Nolan . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Journal of Medieval History , 29., 3 (September 2003): Pages 177 - 208.
Year of Publication: 2003.

36. Record Number: 8708
Author(s): Kenny, Gillian.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Power of Dower: The Importance of Dower in the Lives of Medieval Women in Ireland [The author argues that the financial resources made available to widows from their dowers transformed their lives. They took over many of their husbands' roles including bringing suits in court and donating to local religious institutions. Both the widows and their heirs sometimes had difficulties accustoming themselves to the changes in power. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

37. Record Number: 10746
Author(s): Smith, Susan L.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Gothic Mirror and the Female Gaze [The author explores the representations of couple on carved ivory mirror cases. Smith argues that in the majority of cases, the depicted female gaze is responsive to that of men with the male lover taking an active role. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Saints, Sinners, and Sisters: Gender and Northern Art in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Jane L. Carroll and Alison G. Stewart . Ashgate, 2003. Journal of Medieval History , 29., 3 (September 2003): Pages 73 - 93.
Year of Publication: 2003.

38. Record Number: 11649
Author(s): Dor, Juliette.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Sheela-na-Gig: An Incongruous Sign of Sexual Purity? [The author argues for a complex reading of the sheela na gig statues, naked women displaying their vulvas. Dor contextualizes them with references to Celtic goddesses as well as the sovereignty myth in which the old hag turns into a beautiful maiden. In concluding the author suggests that medieval audiences might have had different reactions and that the sculptures lend themselves to multiple readings. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Medieval Virginities. Edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages series. University of Wales Press; University of Toronto Press, 2003. Journal of Medieval History , 29., 3 (September 2003): Pages 33 - 55.
Year of Publication: 2003.

39. Record Number: 10747
Author(s): Kornbluth, Genevra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Richildis and Her Seal: Carolingian Self-Reference and the Imagery of Power [The author explores women's use of seals during the Carolingian era. Kornbluth focuses on the drawing of a seal (now lost) engraved with the name "Richilde." She suggests that it may have belonged to the empress married to Charles the Bald and may represent the Greek mythological figure Omphale, the Lydian queen with whom Hercules fell in love. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

40. Record Number: 6210
Author(s): Dufresne, Laura Rinaldi
Contributor(s):
Title : From Goddess to Amazon: Christine de Pizan and Fifteenth-Century Miniatures of Might

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002):
Year of Publication: 2002.

41. Record Number: 7410
Author(s): Guzzetti, Linda and Antje Ziemann
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in the Fourteenth-Century Venetian "Scuole"

Source: Renaissance Quarterly , 55., 4 (Winter 2002): Pages 1151 - 1195.
Year of Publication: 2002.

42. Record Number: 8806
Author(s): Parsons, John Carmi.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Medieval Aristocratic Teenaged Female: Adolescent or Adult? [The author argues that there was a more "fluid scale of ages" for women than for men, particularly involving royalty and the nobility. Young women could act decisively and authoritatively when helping their husbands or protecting their children. Parsons points to the case of Isabelle of Hainaut who at fourteen performed a dramatic public prayer to win public support and prevent her husband's planned divorce. Elizabeth Plantagenet, Countess of Holland, at fiften years enlisted the help of the Hague's burgers to rescue her young husband who had been kidnapped by the regent. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society, 1150-1650. Edited by Konrad Eisenbichler . Publications of the Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, Essays and Studies, 1. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 311 - 321.
Year of Publication: 2002.

43. Record Number: 10075
Author(s): Knauer, Elfrieda Regina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Portrait of a Lady? Some Reflections on Images of Prostitutes from the Later Fifteenth Century [The author concentrates on a painting of a woman attributed to Jacometto Veneziano (now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art). She argues that the woman is a prostitute, and that the artist emphasizes her thinning hair, wrinkles, and other defects associated with prostitution. The author suggests that the inscription on the back of the panel should be translated as: "The whore dedicated herself to wantonness, license, lewdness." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome , 47., ( 2002): Pages 95 - 117.
Year of Publication: 2002.

44. Record Number: 6617
Author(s): Randolph, Adrian W. B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Renaissance Household Goddesses: Fertility, Politics, and the Gendering of the Spectatorship [the author argues that these terracotta statuettes of Dovizia (a woman with a basket of fruit on her head who is leading a little boy), based on Donatello's statue now lost, can be read both as an embodiment of wealth and fertility and as a political, public symbol of the city and reminder of the pre-Medicean era; the author explores the implications of both female and male spectatorship].

Source: The Material Culture of Sex, Procreation, and Marriage in Premodern Europe. Edited by Anne L. McClanan and Karen Rosoff Encarnación . Palgrave, 2002. Renaissance Quarterly , 55., 4 (Winter 2002): Pages 163 - 189.
Year of Publication: 2002.

45. Record Number: 7248
Author(s): Bennett, Adelaide.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mary Magdalen's Seven Deadly Sins in a Thirteenth-Century Liège Psalter-Hours [The author explores the figure of a woman with an unguent jar who is holding seven disks spelling out "SALIGIA" (the initial letters of the seven vices) whom the author identifies as Mary Magdalene. Earlier Mary Magdalene was portrayed with seven demons fleeing from her body. In the thirteenth century this became associated with the seven deadly sins as Mary Magdalene's role as a penitent, converted sinner was emphasized. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Insights and Interpretations: Studies in Celebrations of the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the Index of Christian Art. Edited by Colum Hourihane . Index of Christian Art, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University in association with Princeton University Press, 2002. Renaissance Quarterly , 55., 4 (Winter 2002): Pages 17 - 34.
Year of Publication: 2002.

46. Record Number: 7249
Author(s): Drewer, Lois.
Contributor(s):
Title : Jephthah and His Daughter in Medieval Art: Ambiguities of Heroism and Sacrifice [The author argues that the meaning of Jephthah's daughter's sacrifice fluctuates widely in medieval art and exegesis. The Biblical warrior Jephthah rashly promises God that he will offer in sacrifice the first person who greets him when he returns home after his victory over the Ammonites. Jephthah's daughter's death is figured as a type of the eucharist, a brave hero willing to give her life for her people, a virgin dedicated to God (sometimes walled into an anchorhold rather than killed) and, negatively, as synagogue concerned with worldly attractions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

47. Record Number: 8283
Author(s): Bratsch-Prince, Dawn
Contributor(s):
Title : Pawn or Player? Violant of Bar and the Game of Matrimonial Politics in the Crown of Aragon (1380-1396) [The author argues that Violant of Bar actively participated in arranging politically advantageous marriages for her children as well as for members of her court. The Appendix presents the Catalan texts along with English translations of ten of her letters concerning some of her marriage arrangements. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. Hispanic Issues, Volume 26. Edited by Eukene Lacarra Lanz . Routledge, 2002. Renaissance Quarterly , 55., 4 (Winter 2002): Pages 59 - 89.
Year of Publication: 2002.

48. Record Number: 7251
Author(s): Guest, Gerald B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Picturing Women in the First "Bible moralisée" ["It is the goal of this article to extend the work of Chapman and Lowden through an examination of the iconography of women in what is likely the first "Bible moralisée," Ö.N.B. 2554. Beyond this, I wish to consider how a "Bible moralisée" might have been read by a royal woman in the first half of the thirteenth century and what this might tell us about the manuscripts as artistic projects." Page 108].

49. Record Number: 7442
Author(s): Dockray-Miller, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Maternal Performance of the Virgin Mary in the Old English "Advent"

Source: NWSA Journal , 14., 2 (Summer 2002): Pages 38 - 55.
Year of Publication: 2002.

50. Record Number: 8851
Author(s): Blanton-Whetsell, Virginia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Imagines Aetheldredae: Mapping Hagiographic Representations of Abbatial Power and Religious Patronage [The author studies the veneration of Saint Æthelthryth (or Etheldreda) in England across the Middle Ages and across both lay and religious audiences. She argues that scholars frequently divide the evidence of a saint's cult along academic disciplinary lines. They thereby miss evidence that is crucial for their understanding of a saint and those who honored her. Appendix A is an extensive inventory of representations, texts, and buildings concerning or devoted to Saint Ethelreda. Known origins are also indicated. Appendix B is a chart that tabulates the data in Appendix A. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 55 - 107.
Year of Publication: 2002.

51. Record Number: 6204
Author(s): Borland, Jennifer
Contributor(s):
Title : Subverting Tradition: The Transformed Female in Hildegard of Bingen's Scivias

52. Record Number: 8422
Author(s): Rico Camps, Daniel.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Shrine in its Setting: San Vicente de Ávila [As a part of this article the author briefly describes (pp. 67-68) the shrine of Saint Vincent's two sisters, Sabina and Cristeta, who were martyred along with him. The author argues that the shrine was constructed at the same time as St. Vincent's more imposing tomb in the late twelfth century. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Decorations for the holy dead: visual embellishments on tombs and shrines of saints. Edited by Stephen Lamia and Elizabeth Valdez del Álamo International Medieval Research . Brepols, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 57 - 76.
Year of Publication: 2002.

53. Record Number: 8424
Author(s): Español, Francesca.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Sepulchre of Saint Juliana in the Collegiate Church of Santillana del Mar [The author argues that the reliefs of St. Juliana, the Virgin and Child, Christ in Majesty, and apostles all originally decorated a monumental sepulchre of the martyr Saint Juliana in the latter half of the twelfth century. In the fifteenth century Bishop Alonso de Cartagena translated her relics to an altar and remodelled the now-empty tomb to take up less space. Perhaps local devotion required the continued presence of the tomb. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

54. Record Number: 6639
Author(s): Gill, Miriam.
Contributor(s):
Title : Female Piety and Impiety: Selected Images of Women in Wall Paintings in England After 1300 [The author examines paintings on three themes: Saint Anne teaching the Virgin to read, the warning to gossips, and the seven corporal works of mercy; the three mural subjects all comment on desirable female behavior].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 101 - 120.
Year of Publication: 2002.

55. Record Number: 8090
Author(s): Laskaya, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminized World and Divine Violence: Texts and Images of the Apocalypse [The author argues that the illustrations in late medieval Apocalypse books present a triumphant militant masculinity opposed to a variety of feminized threats including the Great Whore of Babylon, monsters, and even the verdant earth. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Domestic Violence in Medieval Texts. Edited by Eve Salisbury, Georgiana Donavin, and Merrall Llewelyn Price . University Press of Florida, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 299 - 341.
Year of Publication: 2002.

56. Record Number: 7872
Author(s): Eichberger, Dagmar.
Contributor(s):
Title : Close Encounters with Death: Changing Representations of Women in Renaissance Art and Literature [The author traces the changes in Dance of Death cycles with some emphasizing women's life cycle phases while others are concerned with the female body and sexuality. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Reading Texts and Images: Essays on Medieval and Renaissance Art and Patronage in Honour of Margaret M. Manion. Edited by Bernard J. Muir . University of Exeter Press, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 273 - 296.
Year of Publication: 2002.

57. Record Number: 5874
Author(s): Jennings, Margaret.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Three Marys of Bourges [The author briefly explores the representations of the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, and Mary of Egypt in the Cathedral of Bourges and comments on the theological meaning of their lives].

Source: Downside Review , 119., 414 (January 2001): Pages 35 - 50.
Year of Publication: 2001.

58. Record Number: 5907
Author(s): Schmidt, Victor M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Painting and Individual Devotion in Late Medieval Italy: The Case of Saint Catherine of Alexandria because Catherine of Alexandria is ill-documented, possibly even legendary, ample room was left for invention by hagiographers; the tale of Catherine's conversion and mystical marriage to Christ is not in the earliest Latin or Greek sources; these stories are documented first in Italy, and they soon had an influence on artistic depictions of this popular saint; the same motif of mystical marriage appears in the lives of Italian women saints beginning in the fourteenth century; it is difficult to tell whether the Catherine story influenced these women or their mystical piety influenced the hagiographers who wrote about Catherine].

Source: Visions of Holiness: Art and Devotion in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Andrew Ladis and Shelley E. Zuraw . Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia, 2001. Downside Review , 119., 414 (January 2001): Pages 21 - 36.
Year of Publication: 2001.

59. Record Number: 6676
Author(s): Seaman, Myra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Engendering Genre in Middle English Romance: Performing the Feminine in "Sir Beves of Hamtoun" [the author argues that Josian, the heroine, does not behave according to French romance expectations; she uses the assumptions of other characters concerning standard feminine weaknesses in order to take action and save herself; the narrator rewards Josian for her bold actions and, in a role reversal, devotes portions of the poem to her adventures when she and the hero are separated].

Source: Studies in Philology , 98., 1 (Winter 2001): Pages 49 - 75.
Year of Publication: 2001.

60. Record Number: 5042
Author(s): Innes- Parker, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sheela-na-gigs and Other Unruly Women: Images of Land and Gender in Medieval Ireland

Source: From Ireland Coming: Irish Art from the Early Christian to the Late Gothic Period and Its European Context. Edited by Colum Hourihane . Index of Christian Art, Deparment of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University in association with Princeton University Press, 2001. Studies in Philology , 98., 1 (Winter 2001): Pages 313 - 331.
Year of Publication: 2001.

61. Record Number: 5721
Author(s): Landini, Roberta Orsi and Mary Westerman Bulgarella
Contributor(s):
Title : Costume in Fifteenth-Century Florentine Portraits of Women

Source: Virtue and Beauty: Leonardo's "Ginevra de'Benci" and Renaissance Portraits of Women." Catalog of an exhibition held Sept. 30, 2001-Jan. 6, 2002 at the National Gallery of Art. Edited by David Alan Brown et al.; with contributions by Elizabeth Cropper and Eleonora Luciano. . National Gallery of Art in association with Princeton University Press, 2001. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome , 47., ( 2002): Pages 88 - 97.
Year of Publication: 2001.

62. Record Number: 5791
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Donatello's Bronze "David" and "Judith" as Metaphors of Medici Rule in Florence

Source: Art Bulletin , 83., 1 (March 2001): Pages 32 - 47.
Year of Publication: 2001.

63. Record Number: 5774
Author(s): Bryce, Judith.
Contributor(s):
Title : Performing for Strangers: Women, Dance, and Music in Quattrocento Florence

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 54, 4.1 (Winter 2001): 1074-1107. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2001.

64. Record Number: 5720
Author(s): Woods-Marsden, Joanna.
Contributor(s):
Title : Portrait of the Lady, 1430- 1520 [the author traces the development of the patrician female ideal; portrait forms evolved very rapidly from the profile that suggested self-control and inaccessibility to the intimate frontal pose; the author argues that the change was due in part to the influence of humanism with its emphasis on the individual and subjectivity].

65. Record Number: 5718
Author(s): Kent, Dale.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Renaissance Florence [the author gives a brief overview of the factors and attendant evidence that characterized the lives of Florentine noble women including marriage and the painted wedding chests (cassone), childbirth and the celebratory birth trays, clothing and sumptuary laws, religious devotion, and death].

66. Record Number: 5887
Author(s): Papanastasiou, Areti.
Contributor(s):
Title : Saint Eudokia the Empress [The author argues that the tenth century plaque of Eudokia in the Camii church represents not Eudokia Baiane, wife of Leo VI, but Fabia Eudokia (died 612 C.E.), wife of Herakleios].

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 27., ( 2001): Pages 24
Year of Publication: 2001.

67. Record Number: 6742
Author(s): Schein, Sylvia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Medieval Colonial Society: The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Twelfth Century [The author argues that noble and royal women in the Crusader Kingdom had a better legal status and more freedom of action than women in Europe because the conditions of constant war often overruled traditional gender roles. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 27., ( 2001): Pages 140 - 153.
Year of Publication: 2001.

68. Record Number: 6240
Author(s): Jenkens, A. Lawrence.
Contributor(s):
Title : Caterina Piccolomini and the Palazzo delle Papesse in Siena [the author surveys the works that ten secular women commissioned from the painter Neri di Bicci between 1453 and 1475; the author analyzes the group of women in terms of marital status and social class and compares them with the men who requested art works in Neri's records; women ordered significantly more works for display in churches rather than in homes and their works were more costly with gilt and expensive colors].

Source: Beyond Isabella: Secular Women Patrons of Art in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Sheryl E. Reiss and David G. Wilkins . Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, Volume 54. Truman State University Press, 2001. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 27., ( 2001): Pages 77 - 91.
Year of Publication: 2001.

69. Record Number: 19504
Author(s): Freeman, Elizabeth
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Women, Letter Writing and Performance [The author uses Heloise's letters as a case study of medieval women's epistolary affirmations of identity. Using the conventions of the "ars dictaminis," medieval women writers defined their identities. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Lilith , 10., ( 2001): Pages 58 - 74.
Year of Publication: 2001.

70. Record Number: 5888
Author(s): Kotsis, Kriszta.
Contributor(s):
Title : Images of Theodora, Guardian of the Faith [The author considers the representations of Empress Theodora (empress, 842-856 C. E.) on coins and seals and as a saint].

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 27., ( 2001): Pages 25
Year of Publication: 2001.

71. Record Number: 5970
Author(s): Ketskemety, Esther.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Court, the Forest, and the Symbolism of the "chasse" in "The Bear Hunt," a Late Fifteenth Century Burgundian Tapestry Design

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 27., ( 2001):
Year of Publication: 2001.

72. Record Number: 5858
Author(s): Musacchio, Jacqueline Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Weasels and Pregnancy in Renaissance Italy

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 15., 2 (June 2001): Pages 172 - 187.
Year of Publication: 2001.

73. Record Number: 4495
Author(s): Hill, Barbara
Contributor(s):
Title : Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Anna Komnene's Attempted Usurpation

Source: Anna Komnene and Her Times. Edited by Thalia Gouma-Peterson . Garland Publishing, 2000. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 45 - 62.
Year of Publication: 2000.

74. Record Number: 4595
Author(s): Miller, Mara.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lady in the Garden: Subjects and Objects in an Ideal World [The author contrasts Japanse pictures of women in gardens (women authors, women writing, and women characters from women's writings) with those of medieval Europe in which women do not write in gardens].

Source: Crossing the Bridge: Comparative Essays on Medieval European and Heian Japanese Women Writers. Edited by Barbara Stevenson and Cynthia Ho . Palgrave, 2000. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 189 - 211.
Year of Publication: 2000.

75. Record Number: 6712
Author(s): Pietrini, Sandra.
Contributor(s):
Title : La santa danza di David e il ballo peccaminoso di Salomé: Due figure esemplari dell'immaginario biblico medievale [although there are both holy and ungodly dances in the Bible, early on Christain exegetes dismissed most dances as sinful; David's dance before the Ark, however, was interpreted as dignified and orderly, expressing spiritual submission to God or as acrobatics showing his humility by laying aside his royal garb and his dignity; medieval artists did not generally depict David's dance, but both artists and preachers condemned Salomé's dance before Herod as lascivious; fashions in the depiction of her dance changed, but Salomé remained a figure of woman's seductive power].

Source: Quaderni Medievali , 50., (dicembre 2000): Pages 45 - 73.
Year of Publication: 2000.

76. Record Number: 4507
Author(s): Bowers, Terence N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margery Kempe as Traveler [The author argues that Margery Kempe uses travel to establish a new status, to wield power, and to question the patriarchal ordering of society].

Source: Studies in Philology , 97., 1 (Winter 2000): Pages 1 - 28.
Year of Publication: 2000.

77. Record Number: 5450
Author(s): Tinagli, Paola
Contributor(s):
Title : Womanly Virtues in Quattrocento Florentine Marriage Furnishings [the author examines how behavioral ideals for both new husbands and wives, as represented on cassoni, spalliere, and other furnishings given to the bridal couple, emphasized chastity, restraint, and other virtues that contributed to a well-ordered civic society].

Source: Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society. Edited by Letizia Panizza . European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford, 2000. Studies in Philology , 97., 1 (Winter 2000): Pages 265 - 284.
Year of Publication: 2000.

78. Record Number: 4499
Author(s): Everhart, Deborah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Anna Komnene, Learned Women, and the Book in Byzantine Art [The author examines the representation of women in art with books or scrolls and argues that it was probably influenced by the female members of the imperial family who valued and promoted learning].

Source: Anna Komnene and Her Times. Edited by Thalia Gouma-Peterson . Garland Publishing, 2000. Studies in Philology , 97., 1 (Winter 2000): Pages 125 - 156.
Year of Publication: 2000.

79. Record Number: 4135
Author(s): Lawless, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Widow of God? St. Anne and Representations of Widowhood in Fifteenth-century Florence

Source: Women in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Christine Meek . Four Courts Press, 2000. Studies in Philology , 97., 1 (Winter 2000): Pages 15 - 42.
Year of Publication: 2000.

80. Record Number: 4836
Author(s): Freeman, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Medieval Nuns at Watton: Reading Female Agency from Male-Authored Didatic Texts [The author argues that not only did Aelred imbue the nuns at Watton with the Cistercian values of friendship, charity, and chastity, but he also did not object to their acts of revenge against the canon and his pregnant nun lover].

Source: Magistra , 6., 1 (Summer 2000): Pages 3 - 36.
Year of Publication: 2000.

81. Record Number: 5361
Author(s): O'Brien, Maureen Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Gynaeceum, the Kindergarten, and the Vienna Genesis: Biblical and Extra-Biblical Imagery in Folio 16r [The author addresses the question of the group of women and children in the illustration of Joseph and Potiphar's wife].

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 109 - 110.
Year of Publication: 2000.

82. Record Number: 4470
Author(s): Hawkes, Emma.
Contributor(s):
Title : [S]he Will...Protect and Defend Her Rights Boldly by Law and Reason...: Women's Knowledge of Common Law and Equity Courts in Late-Medieval England [The author argues that though women did not participate in court cases in large numbers, some gentry women directed legal cases behind th scenes, showing a good grasp of the law].

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 145 - 161.
Year of Publication: 2000.

83. Record Number: 4778
Author(s): Kleinmann, Dorothée, Michel Garcia, Cloulas Ivan and Nurith. Kenaan-Kedar
Contributor(s):
Title : Les peintures murales de Sainte-Radegonde de Chinon: À propos d'un article récent [Kleinmann and Garcia together comment on Kenaan-Kedar's earlier article, as does Cloulas, while Kenaan-Kedar reacts to the comments of the three].

Source: Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 42., ( 1999): Pages 397 - 399.
Year of Publication: 1999.

84. Record Number: 3740
Author(s): Rigaux, Dominique.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Faith, and Image in the Late Middle Ages [The author explores the representations of female saints including Clare of Assisi, Catherine of Siena, and others; the discussion includes the kinds of iconography used and where the paintings were displayed].

Source: Women and Faith: Catholic Religious Life in Italy from Late Antiquity to the Present. Edited by Lucetta Scaraffia and Gabriella Zarri . Harvard University Press, 1999. Pages 72 - 82.
Year of Publication: 1999.

85. Record Number: 3775
Author(s): Havice, Christine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Approaching Medieval Women Through Medieval Art [the author provides an introductory overview touching on the images of medieval women (legendary and historical figures) in art and the roles that women played in the production of art, including recipients, sponsors, authors, and artists].

Source: Women in Medieval Western European Culture. Edited by Linda E. Mitchell . Garland Publishing, 1999. Pages 345 - 389.
Year of Publication: 1999.

86. Record Number: 4354
Author(s): Tkacz, Catherine Brown.
Contributor(s):
Title : Susanna as a Type of Christ [the author argues that from late antiquity Susanna was widely understood as a type of Christ with Susanna in the garden as a type of Christ in Gethsemane and Susanna before Daniel as a type of Christ before Pilate; Appendix A lists forty-four works of art representing Susanna as a Christological type and Appendix B lists thirty-nine primary texts presenting Susanna as a Christological type].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 20., ( 1999): Pages 101 - 153.
Year of Publication: 1999.

87. Record Number: 4433
Author(s): Dunkelman, Martha Levine.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Innocent Salome [the author argues that early painters, such as Giotto, depicted Salome as detached and passive; it is only with Donatello that Salome displays a moral conscience, showing distress at the fate of John the Baptist; in the sixteenth century Salome takes on the role of seductress and thereby assumes responsibility for the death of John the Baptist].

Source: Gazette des Beaux-Arts , 133., 1563 (avril 1999): Pages 173 - 180.
Year of Publication: 1999.

88. Record Number: 4443
Author(s): Monsour, Michele.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lady With the Unicorn

Source: Gazette des Beaux-Arts , 134., 1571 (décembre 1999): Pages 237 - 254.
Year of Publication: 1999.

89. Record Number: 5142
Author(s): Thomas, Anabel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Moving on from Joan Kelly Gadol [The author considers six recent books about women and Renaissance art, of which three deal with the Middle Ages ("Picturing Women in Renaissance and Baroque Italy," "Women in Italian Renaissance Art," and "Renaissance Women Patrons"].

Source: Oxford Art Journal (Full Text via JSTOR) 22, 2 (1999): 144-153. Louise Bourgeois. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

90. Record Number: 6326
Author(s): Weilandt, Gerhard.
Contributor(s):
Title : Standortstudien I. Die "Nürnberger Madonna" in der Kirche--Ein neuer Fund zu originalem Aufstellungsort und ikonographischem Kontext

Source: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 62., 4 ( 1999): Pages 494 - 511.
Year of Publication: 1999.

91. Record Number: 3552
Author(s): Scott, Karen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mystical Death, Bodily Death: Catherine of Siena and Raymond of Capua on the Mystic's Encounter with God [the author argues that Catherine's writings should serve as the main source of information about her spirituality and her life of concern for the Church and the world; her confessor, Raymond of Capua wrote a biography of Catherine that was shaped by his own hagiographic agenda and sought to minimize her activism in the world].

Source: Gendered Voices: Medieval Saints and Their Interpreters. Edited by Catherine M. Mooney . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 42., ( 1999): Pages 136 - 167.
Year of Publication: 1999.

92. Record Number: 5567
Author(s): Walters, Lori J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Female Figures in the Illustrated Manuscripts of "Le conte du Graal" and its "Continuations": Ladies, Saints, Spectators, Mediators [the author argues that the authors, illuminators, scribes, and others who contributed to the text displayed differing interpretations of female characters depending in large part whether the story was considered a romance, a hagiography, or a combination of the two].

Source: Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester , 81., 3 (Autumn 1999): Pages 7 - 54.
Year of Publication: 1999.

93. Record Number: 5030
Author(s): Clifton, James,
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Shame in Masaccio's "Expulsion from the Garden of Eden" ["Here both gestures - Eve in covering her erogenous zones, Adam in leaving his exposed and in covering only his face - suggest that, in conformity with Italian mores, it is only the woman's sexuality that is at issue and that the sin associated with her sexuality dishonours the man. Adam's exposure does not dishonour him; rather it serves to draw the insistent distinction between men and women, fundamental to the honour-shame paradigm, which is manifested most recognizably in anatomy." (Page 650)].

Source: Art History , 22., 5 (December 1999): Pages 637 - 655.
Year of Publication: 1999.

94. Record Number: 3767
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Noblewomen and Political Activity [The author provides an introductory overview touching on political roles, the influence that noblewomen wielded, their administrative duties, patronage, the religious life, and the commemoration of family members].

Source: Women in Medieval Western European Culture. Edited by Linda E. Mitchell . Garland Publishing, 1999. Art History , 22., 5 (December 1999): Pages 209 - 219.
Year of Publication: 1999.

95. Record Number: 4187
Author(s): Tuerk, Jacquelyn.
Contributor(s):
Title : An Early Byzantine Inscribed Amulet and Its Narratives

Source: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 23., ( 1999): Pages 25 - 42.
Year of Publication: 1999.

96. Record Number: 4382
Author(s): Mulder-Bakker, Anneke B.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Prime of Their Lives: Women and Age, Wisdom, and Religious Careers in Northern Europe [The author argues that older women took on leadership roles in religion, with prophecy, visions, teaching, and life as anchoresses].

Source: New Trends in Feminine Spirituality: The Holy Women of Liège and Their Impact. Edited by Juliette Dor, Lesley Johnson, and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, 2. Brepols, 1999. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 23., ( 1999): Pages 215 - 236.
Year of Publication: 1999.

97. Record Number: 3808
Author(s): Kittell, Ellen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Construction of Women's Social Identity in Medieval Douai: Evidence from Identifying Epithets [many women acted for themselves in doing public business].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 25., 3 (September 1999): Pages 215 - 227.
Year of Publication: 1999.

98. Record Number: 7358
Author(s): Morris, Rosemary.
Contributor(s):
Title : Idéaux et préjugés: la femme dans l'imagination culturelle byzantine des Xe - XIe siècles [The author briefly surveys the representation of women both in Byzantine literature and art. Drawing from the writings of Anna Komnena and Michael Psellos and, for art, from mainly manuscript illustrations, she argues that authors and artists did not attempt to represent individual women but instead commonly recognized types. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Femmes et pouvoirs des femmes à Byzance et en Occident (VIe -XIe siècles). Colloque international organisé les 28, 29 et 30 mars 1996 à Bruxelles et Villeneuve d'Ascq. Edited by Stéphane Lebecq, Alain Dierkens, Régine Le Jan, and Jean-Marie Sansterre . Centre de Recherche sur l'Histoire de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest, Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3, 1999. Journal of Medieval History , 25., 3 (September 1999): Pages 133 - 147.
Year of Publication: 1999.

99. Record Number: 4025
Author(s): Gourlay, Kristina E.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Positive Representation of the Power of Young Women: The Malterer Embroidery Re-examined [The author argues that the embroidery is to be interpreted as "positive and good-natured acknowledgment of the power of love and female sexuality and the responsibility of men in succumbing to this power..."].

Source: Young Medieval Women. Edited by Katherine J. Lewis, Noel James Menuge, and Kim M. Phillips . St. Martin's Press, 1999. Journal of Medieval History , 25., 3 (September 1999): Pages 69 - 102.
Year of Publication: 1999.

100. Record Number: 4880
Author(s): Eastmond, Antony.
Contributor(s):
Title : Narratives of the Fall: Structure and Meaning in the Genesis Frieze at Hagia Sophia, Trebizond [The author analyzes an unusual sculptured narrative frieze, finding in part that there is a decidedly misogynist cast to the frieze with the creation of woman as the start of the problem of evil and a clear link between Eve and death].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers (Full Text via JSTOR) 53 (1999): 219-236. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

101. Record Number: 3055
Author(s): Randolph, Adrian W. B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Performing the Bridal Body in Fifteenth-Century Florence

Source: Art History , 21., 2 (June 1998): Pages 182 - 200.
Year of Publication: 1998.

102. Record Number: 4667
Author(s): Baker, Audrey M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Adam and Eve and the Lord God: The Adam and Eve Cycle of Wall Paintings in the Church of Hardham, Sussex

Source: Archaeological Journal , 155., ( 1998): Pages 207 - 225.
Year of Publication: 1998.

103. Record Number: 5957
Author(s): Jacobus, Laura
Contributor(s):
Title : Piety and Propriety in the Arena Chapel [the author argues that the "Early Life of the Virgin" frescoes in the Arena Chapel were intended in part to convey models of behavior to the wife, mother, and daughter of Enrico Scrovegni, the patron; using devotional works and secular conduct literature the author argues that the ideals for upper class women's behavior (modesty, chastity, courtliness, humility, charity, and attention to their husbands and families) were linked to piety and represented by Giotto in the images of the Virgin and other holy women].

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 12., 2 (June 1998): Pages 177 - 205.
Year of Publication: 1998.

104. Record Number: 4365
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Nikephoros II Phokas and Theophanou in Cavusin: The Imperial Family as Model [The author argues that the portrait portrays the imperial couple, Nikephoros and Theophanou, flanked by his father and mother on one side; the intent was to memorialize the marriage along with that of the emperor's parents].

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 24., ( 1998): Pages 23 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1998.

105. Record Number: 5024
Author(s): Sweeney, James Ross
Contributor(s):
Title : The Tricky Queen and Her Clever Lady-in-Waiting: Stealing the Crown to Secure Succession, Visegrad 1440 [Elizabeth of Luxemburg sent her loyal attendant, Helene Kottanner, to steal the Hungarian crown so that her soon-to-be-born baby (if it were a boy) could be made king rather than the interloper king of Poland].

Source: East Central Europe , 1., ( 1998): Pages 87 - 100. Issue title: Women and Power in East Central Europe - Medieval and Modern. Edited by Marianne Sághy.
Year of Publication: 1998.

106. Record Number: 3660
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Rape of the Sabine Women on Quattrocento Marriage-Panels [the author argues that the theme of the rape of the Sabine women urged women to observe their duties of childbearing in a society seriously depopulated by multiple plague outbreaks].

Source: Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650. Edited by Trevor Dean and K. J. P. Lowe . Cambridge University Press, 1998. East Central Europe , 1., ( 1998): Pages 66 - 82.
Year of Publication: 1998.

107. Record Number: 3056
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Under the Gaze: A Renaissance Genealogy

Source: Art History , 21., 4 (December 1998): Pages 565 - 590.
Year of Publication: 1998.

108. Record Number: 3147
Author(s): Caviness, Madeline H.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Contemplative Life in Washington

Source: Gesta (Full Text via JSTOR) 37, 2 (1998): 150-157. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

109. Record Number: 3175
Author(s): Winkelman, Johann H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Laatmiddeleeuwse erotica in woord en beeld. Over de literaire achtergronden van enkele profane insignes

Source: Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik , 50., ( 1998): Pages 167 - 84.
Year of Publication: 1998.

110. Record Number: 4337
Author(s): Gerstel, Sharon E. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Painted Sources for Female Piety in Medieval Byzantium [the author analyzes the depictions of female saints in Byzantine churches in order to deduce the roles that women played in the Church; women prayed for fertility and healthy children in chapels decorated with paintings of Saint Anne, and they mourned the dead in narthexes decorated with portraits of female saints].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers (Full Text via JSTOR) 52 (1998): 89-111. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

111. Record Number: 3430
Author(s): Kittell, Ellen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Audience, and Public Acts in Medieval Flanders

Source: Journal of Women's History , 10., 3 (Autumn 1998): Pages 74 - 96.
Year of Publication: 1998.

112. Record Number: 5564
Author(s): Manion, Margaret M.
Contributor(s):
Title : An Unusual Image of the Assumption in a Fourteenth-Century Dominican Choir-Book [within the initial the Virgin sits beside Christ, leaning on his shoulder and holding his hand; the author argues that the close, tender relationship depicted draws upon the "Song of Songs"; this image of the Assumption was soon displaced by the majestic

Source: The Art of the Book: Its Place in Medieval Worship. Edited by Margaret M. Manion and Bernard J. Muir . University of Exeter Press, 1998. Journal of Women's History , 10., 3 (Autumn 1998): Pages 153 - 161.
Year of Publication: 1998.

113. Record Number: 1591
Author(s): Armstead, Wendy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Interpreting Images of Women with Books in Misericords [some represent piety, while others mock women's pretensions].

Source: Women and the Book: Assessing the Visual Evidence. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H.M. Taylor . British Library and University of Toronto Press, 1997. Gazette des Beaux-Arts , 130., 1544 (septembre 1997): Pages 57 - 74.
Year of Publication: 1997.

114. Record Number: 3671
Author(s): Johnson, Geraldine A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Idol or Ideal? The Power and Potency of Female Public Sculpture [The author argues that by the late sixteenth century female statuary in Florence had been removed or moved to less prominent locations; the author suggests that there is a correlation with the patriarchal attitudes of the male art patrons].

Source: Picturing Women in Renaissance and Baroque Italy. Edited by Geraldine A. Johnson and Sara F. Mathews Grieco . Cambridge University Press, 1997. Gazette des Beaux-Arts , 130., 1544 (septembre 1997): Pages 222 - 245.
Year of Publication: 1997.

115. Record Number: 6296
Author(s): Lampsidis, Odysseus.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die Entblössung der Muse Kalliope in einem byzantinischen Epigramm

Source: Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik , 47., ( 1997): Pages 107 - 110.
Year of Publication: 1997.

116. Record Number: 20980
Author(s): Ross, Valerie A
Contributor(s):
Title : Transgressive Alliances: Marie de France and the Representation of Female Desire in "Eliduc"

Source: Mediaevalia , 21., 2 ( 1997): Pages 209 - 230.
Year of Publication: 1997.

117. Record Number: 2461
Author(s): Ross, Valerie A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Believing Cassandra: Intertextual Politics and the Interpretation of Dreams in "Troilus and Criseyde" [argues for a reading of Chaucer as resisting a legacy of notions about gender, authority, and agency; Chaucer makes an alliance with his female characters against misogyny].

Source: Chaucer Review , 31., 4 ( 1997): Pages 339 - 356.
Year of Publication: 1997.

118. Record Number: 2273
Author(s): Zimmermann, Margarete
Contributor(s):
Title : English Noblewomen and the Local Community in the Later Middle Ages [roles that noble women played at the local level as employers, almsgivers, supporters of the parish, providers of hospitality and entertainment, and members of confraternities].

Source: Medieval Women in Their Communities. Edited by Diane Watt . University of Toronto Press, 1997. Chaucer Review , 31., 4 ( 1997): Pages 186 - 203.
Year of Publication: 1997.

119. Record Number: 6325
Author(s): von Hülsen-Esch, Andrea.
Contributor(s):
Title : Frauen an der Universität? Überlegungen anlässlich einer Gegenüberstellung von mittelalterlichen Bildzeugnissen und Texten

Source: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung , 24., 3 ( 1997): Pages 315 - 346.
Year of Publication: 1997.

120. Record Number: 2979
Author(s): Gold, Barbara K.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hrotswitha Writes Herself: "Clamor Validus Gandeshemensis"

Source: Sex and Gender in Medieval and Renaissance Texts: The Latin Tradition. Edited by Barbara K. Gold, Paul Allen Miller, and Charles Platter . State University of New York Press, 1997. Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung , 24., 3 ( 1997): Pages 41 - 70.
Year of Publication: 1997.

121. Record Number: 1589
Author(s): Smith, Lesley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Scriba, Femina: Medieval Depictions of Women Writing [appendix inventories the Western European manuscript illustrations that depict women writing].

Source: Women and the Book: Assessing the Visual Evidence. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H.M. Taylor . British Library and University of Toronto Press, 1997. Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung , 24., 3 ( 1997): Pages 21 - 44.
Year of Publication: 1997.

122. Record Number: 2206
Author(s): Livingstone, Amy
Contributor(s):
Title : Noblewomen's Control of Property in Early Twelfth-Century Blois-Chartres

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 55 - 71.
Year of Publication: 1997.

123. Record Number: 1590
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Aesop's Cock and Marie's Hen: Gendered Authorship in Text and Image in Manuscripts of Marie de France's "Fables"

Source: Women and the Book: Assessing the Visual Evidence. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H.M. Taylor . British Library and University of Toronto Press, 1997. Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 45 - 56.
Year of Publication: 1997.

124. Record Number: 1592
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Mirrors of a Collective Past: Re-considering Images of Medieval Women [looks at the visual evidence provided by manuscript illuminations and paintings for women readers and women workers including bath attendants and midwives].

125. Record Number: 1598
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Fables for the Court: Illustrations of Marie de France's "Fables" in Paris BN, MS Arsenal 3142 [the manuscript was dedicated to Marie of Brabant, wife of King Philippe of France, and reflects the roles of reading and manuscripts at the French Court].

126. Record Number: 2889
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Goddess, Whore, Wife or Slave: Will the Real Byzantine Empress Please Stand Up? [an analysis of female power among early Byzantine empresses based in part on carved ivory plaques; appendix lists empresses from the fourth through the sixth centuries].

Source: Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at King's College London, April 1995. Edited by Anne J. Duggan . Boydell Press, 1997. Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 123 - 139.
Year of Publication: 1997.

127. Record Number: 2094
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Le Roman de la Dame a la Lycorne et du Biau Chevalier au Lion: Text, Image, Rubric [argues that marginal instructions and illustrations prove a workshop collaboration between the "chef d'atelier" and the artist ; they both had read the romance and planned and executed illustrations to help readers understand the narrative's details and interpret the characters].

Source: French Studies , 51., 1 (January 1997): Pages 1 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1997.

128. Record Number: 1997
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : To Free Them From Binding: Women in the Late Medieval English Parish [analysis of the celebration of Hocktide during which women chased men, tied them up, and took their ransom money for a parish fund raiser].

Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary History (Full Text via JSTOR) 27, 3 (Winter 1997): 387-412. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

129. Record Number: 5893
Author(s): Wright, Alison.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pollaiuolo's "Elevation of the Magdalen" Altar-piece and an Early Patron [the author traces the patronage of Pollaiuolo's painting to a Florentine notary in Staggia; she believes that the iconography of the penitential Magdalene receiving the Eucharist may have been requested by the patron; the Appendix transcribes three pertinent texts: the will of the patron, the patron's 1469 tax return, and the petition from Bruno di Ser Benedetto Grazzini (possibly the patron's son) for the redemption of his deceased wife's dowry (the wife Maddalena was the daughter of the painter Antonio del Pollaiuolo)].

Source: Burlington Magazine (Full Text via JSTOR) 139, 1132 (July 1997): 444-451. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

130. Record Number: 2462
Author(s): McGregor, Francine.
Contributor(s):
Title : What of Dorigen? Agency and Ambivalence in the "Franklin's Tale"

Source: Chaucer Review , 31., 4 ( 1997): Pages 365 - 378.
Year of Publication: 1997.

131. Record Number: 1404
Author(s): Olsen, Alexandra Hennessey.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Roles [overview of recent scholarship with an emphasis on the active roles that women play in "Beowulf"].

Source: A Beowulf Handbook. Edited by Robert E. Bjork and John D. Niles . University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Chaucer Review , 31., 4 ( 1997): Pages 311 - 324.
Year of Publication: 1997.

132. Record Number: 2459
Author(s): Martindale, Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : Theodolinda: The Fifteenth-Century Recollection of a Lombard Queen [analysis of Theodolinda's meaning for the late medieval period, based on the art in the Theodolinda Chapel, the Cathedral's treasures associated with the queen, and the accounts by the fourteenth century chronicler Bonincontro and the eighth century historian, Paul the Deacon].

Source: The church retrospective: papers read at the 1995 Summer Meeting and the 1996 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Edited by R. N. Swanson Studies in Church History, 33. 1997. Chaucer Review , 31., 4 ( 1997): Pages 195 - 225.
Year of Publication: 1997.

133. Record Number: 2035
Author(s): Fee, Christopher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Judith and the Rhetoric of Heroism in Anglo-Saxon England [argues that the Anglo-Saxon "Judith" is restricted to a purely inspirational role in contrast to the Vulgate "Judith" who plans and executes a daring strategy; the author suggests that Anglo-Saxon culture equated active heroism only with masculine military might].

Source: English Studies , 78., 5 (September 1997): Pages 401 - 406.
Year of Publication: 1997.

134. Record Number: 3149
Author(s): Gerstel, Sharon E. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Construction of a Sainted Empress

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 23., ( 1997): Pages 11
Year of Publication: 1997.

135. Record Number: 2207
Author(s): Thomas, Hugh M.
Contributor(s):
Title : An Upwardly Mobile Medieval Woman: Juliana of Warwick [Juliana managed Countess Matilda's household (as "cameraria") and received gifts of land from her employer/patroness; Matilda also probably arranged Juliana's advantageous marriage with the wealthy knight, Nigel of Plumpton].

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 109 - 121.
Year of Publication: 1997.

136. Record Number: 4349
Author(s): Even, Yael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Daphne (Without Apollo) Reconsidered: Some Disregarded Images of Sexual Pursuit in Italian Renaissance and Baroque Art

Source: Studies in Iconography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 143 - 159.
Year of Publication: 1997.

137. Record Number: 1869
Author(s): Muir Wright, Rosemary.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Great Whore in the Illustrated Apocalypse Cycles [traces the development of the image of the Whore of Babylon and discusses the impact that aristocratic female readers had on her representation in manuscripts both as the sovereign lady and as the evil other].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 23., 3 (September 1997): Pages 191 - 210.
Year of Publication: 1997.

138. Record Number: 4348
Author(s): Holladay, Joan A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Relics, Reliquaries, and Religious Women: Visualizing the Holy Virgins of Cologne [the author points to the growth in the cult of Ursula and her virgins including the excavations of their supposed bodies, renovation of the church dedicated to the martyrs, and the invention of Ursula busts; the author suggests that the cult and the busts were designed to appeal to the daughters of patricians and burghers by showing that a holy life could be found in their social class and in marriage rather than in the extremes of the Beguines].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 67 - 118.
Year of Publication: 1997.

139. Record Number: 2572
Author(s): Gourlay, Kristina E.
Contributor(s):
Title : La Dame à la Licorne: A Reinterpretation [argues that the tapestry series does not represent an allegory of the five senses but rather a romance between the maiden and the unicorn in order to celebrate or commemorate a marriage in the Le Viste family].

Source: Gazette des Beaux-Arts , 130., 1544 (septembre 1997): Pages 47 - 72.
Year of Publication: 1997.

140. Record Number: 1601
Author(s): Penketh, Sandra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Books of Hours [discusses women's use and reading of books of hours ; suggests that many of the illustrations were intended to extol such virtues as obedience, humility, and purity ; and analyzes some female owner portraits].

141. Record Number: 769
Author(s): Valdez Del Alamo, Elizabeth
Contributor(s):
Title : Lament for a Lost Queen: The Sarcophagus of Doña Blanca in Nájera

Source: Art Bulletin (Full Text via JSTOR) 78, 2 (June 1996): 311-333. Link Info Later published in Memory and the Medieval Tomb. Edited by Elizabeth Valdez del Alamo with Carol Stamatis Pendergast. Ashgate, 2000. Pages 43-79.
Year of Publication: 1996.

142. Record Number: 816
Author(s): Warr, Cordelia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Painting in Late Fourteenth Century Padua: The Patronage of Fina Buzzacarini

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 10., 2 (June 1996): Pages 139 - 155.
Year of Publication: 1996.

143. Record Number: 1096
Author(s): DuFrenne, Suzy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Jacqueline Lafontaine-Dosogne (1928-1994)

Source: Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 39., (janvier-juin 1996): Pages 178 - 179.
Year of Publication: 1996.

144. Record Number: 1841
Author(s): Boyle, Marjorie O'Rourke.
Contributor(s):
Title : Coquette at the Cross? Magdalen in the Master of the Bartholomew Altar's Deposition at the Louvre [argues that Magdalen's depiction with gloves and ointment jar refers to her compassion not her earlier life as a courtesan ; the painting may have hung in the Antonite hospital in Paris and had special meaning for the patients, particularly those suffering from St. Anthony's Fire who would have had limbs amputated].

Source: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 59., 4 ( 1996): Pages 573 - 577.
Year of Publication: 1996.

145. Record Number: 1985
Author(s): Irmscher, J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bertha von Sulzbach, Gemahlin Manuels I

Source: Byzantinische Forschungen , 22., ( 1996): Pages 279 - 290. Issue Title: Byzance et l'Europe. 6e Symposion Byzantinon l'Automne 1992.
Year of Publication: 1996.

146. Record Number: 6300
Author(s): Frings, Irene.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sancta Maria, quid est?: Hymnus, Herrscherlob und Ikonenkult im Rom der Jahrtausendwende

Source: Analecta Cisterciensia , 52., ( 1996): Pages 224 - 250.
Year of Publication: 1996.

147. Record Number: 9803
Author(s): Motz, Lotte.
Contributor(s):
Title : Note on a Bracteate from Trollhättan [The author identifies the object held by a female figure on a bracteate ( ) as a yarn winder. Motz argues that such a tool used in spinning and weaving was also used by women in magical practices to ensure prosperity for the coming year. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Collegium Medievale , 9., ( 1996): Pages 153 - 155.
Year of Publication: 1996.

148. Record Number: 6304
Author(s): Rohlmann, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Botticellis "Primavera". Zu Anlass, Adressat und Funktion von mythologischen Gemälden im Florentiner Quattrocento

Source: Artibus et historiae , 33., 17 ( 1996): Pages 97 - 132.
Year of Publication: 1996.

149. Record Number: 2279
Author(s): McClanan, A. L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Byzantine Steelyard Weights Depicting Empresses

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 22., ( 1996): Pages 36
Year of Publication: 1996.

150. Record Number: 1360
Author(s): Bennett, Adelaide.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Thirteenth-Century French Book of Hours for Marie [Marie, a laywoman, is named in one of the prayers; the manuscript is significant for its numerous and varied representations of women. Sixteen out of twenty-one historiated initials portray laywomen in religious devotion or in family scenes].

Source: Journal of the Walters Art Gallery , 54., ( 1996): Pages 21 - 50.
Year of Publication: 1996.

151. Record Number: 1374
Author(s): Barolsky, Paul and Anne Barriault
Contributor(s):
Title : Botticelli's "Primavera" and the Origins of the Elegiac in Italian Renaissance Painting [traces the theme of bittersweet loss in the paintings of Botticelli, Signorelli, Piero di Cosimo, Sebastiano del Piombo, and Titian].

Source: Gazette des Beaux-Arts , 128., 1532 (septembre 1996): Pages 63 - 70.
Year of Publication: 1996.

152. Record Number: 1097
Author(s): Betcher, Gloria J.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Tempting Theory: What Early Cornish Mermaid Images Reveal about the First Doctor's Analogy in "Passio Domini" [traditional representation of mermaids as temptresses in Cornish church bench-ends and wall paintings is reconciled with the play's use of the mermaid to symbolize the dual nature of Jesus Christ].

Source: Early Drama, Art, and Music Review , 18., 2 (Spring 1996): Pages 65 - 76.
Year of Publication: 1996.

153. Record Number: 656
Author(s): Cohen, Adam S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Devotion and Desire: Views of Women in the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Source: Letter Arts Review , 12., 4 ( 1996): Pages 30 - 35.
Year of Publication: 1996.

154. Record Number: 6312
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Mater et sponsa: Einige Bemerkungen zur Kunst der Zisterzienser in Böhmen

Source: Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 47., ( 1996): Pages 313 - 327.
Year of Publication: 1996.

155. Record Number: 2702
Author(s): Ross, Valerie A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Resisting Chaucerian Misogyny: Reinscribing Criseyde [argues that Chaucer is a gender-conscious social visionary who seeks to subvert the "auctores" and the misogynist ideology in his transgressive alliance with Criseyde].

Source: Aestel , 4., ( 1996): Pages 29 - 58.
Year of Publication: 1996.

156. Record Number: 813
Author(s): Clough, Cecil H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Daughters and Wives of the Montefeltro: Outstanding Bluestockings of the Quattrocento [discusses their learning, roles in public life, and Christian devotion].

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (March 1996): Pages 31 - 55.
Year of Publication: 1996.

157. Record Number: 2345
Author(s): Owen-Crocker, Gale R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pomp, Piety, and Keeping the Woman in Her Place: The Dress of Cnut and Emma in BL MS Stowe 944

Source: Old English Newsletter , 29., 3 (Spring 1996):
Year of Publication: 1996.

158. Record Number: 795
Author(s): Cheney, Liana De Girolami.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Cult of Saint Agatha [Discusses the trial of St. Agatha, the pornographic violence of her martydom in late medieval drama and art, and Giulio Campi's sixteenth century Fresco cycle].

Source: Woman's Art Journal (Full Text via JSTOR) 17, 1 (Spring/Summer 1996): 3-9. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

159. Record Number: 1562
Author(s): Hanawalt, Barbara A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Separation Anxieties in Late Medieval London: Gender in "The Wright's Chaste Wife" [includes a discussion of historical instances in which wives coped with their husbands' long absences].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 11., ( 1996): Pages 23 - 41. Also reprinted in "Of Good and Ill Repute": Gender and Social Control in Medieval England. Barbara A. Hanawalt. Oxford University Press, 1998. 88-103 Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Conference of the Southeastern Medieval Association
Year of Publication: 1996.

160. Record Number: 1782
Author(s): Maréchal, Chantal A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marie de France or "Sapientia"? A Study of Author Portraits in Four Manuscripts of the "Fables" [International Congress on Medieval Studies. Kalamazoo, May 1996].

Source: Le Cygne: Bulletin of the International Marie de France Society: Abstracts, Notes, and Queries , 2., (April 1996): Pages 19
Year of Publication: 1996.

161. Record Number: 5594
Author(s): Neville, David O.
Contributor(s):
Title : Giburc as Mediatrix: Illuminated Reflections of Tolerance in Hz 1104 [The author argues that Giburc, the Saracen maiden who converts to Christianity in Wolfram's "Willehalm," appears to be a figure of religious tolerance; the author argues that the illuminations of Giburc in MS Hz 1104 confirm this interpretation].

Source: Manuscripta , 40., 2 (July 1996): Pages 96 - 114.
Year of Publication: 1996.

162. Record Number: 148
Author(s): Dufresne, Laura Rinaldi
Contributor(s):
Title : Christine de Pizan's "Treasure of the City of Ladies": A study of Dress and Social Hierarchy [in four illustrated manuscripts].

Source: Woman's Art Journal , 16., 2 ( 1995- 1996): Pages 29 - 34. Available through JSTOR.
Year of Publication: 1995- 1996.

163. Record Number: 230
Author(s): Long, Jane C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Salvation Through Meditation: The Tomb Frescoes in the Holy Confessors Chapel at Santa Croce in Florence [one prominently portrays a female donor]

Source: Gesta (Full Text via JSTOR) 34, 1 (1995): 77-88. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

164. Record Number: 258
Author(s): Whitaker, Muriel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Artists' Ideal Griselda

Source: Sovereign Lady: Essays on Women in Middle English Literature. Edited by Muriel Whitaker . Garland Publishing, 1995. Pages 85 - 114.
Year of Publication: 1995.

165. Record Number: 1464
Author(s): Martens, Didier.
Contributor(s):
Title : La Vierge en majesté de l'ancien retable de la 5é d'Evora: Une oeuvre Brugeoise des années 1500 [ascribed to the Master of the André Madonna on stylistic grounds].

Source: Gazette des Beaux-Arts , 126., 1523 (décembre 1995): Pages 211 - 212.
Year of Publication: 1995.

166. Record Number: 1548
Author(s): Emmanuel, Melita
Contributor(s):
Title : Some Notes on the External Appearance of Ordinary Women in Byzantium: Hairstyles, Headdresses: Text and Iconography [description of hairstyles and head coverings including nets, turbans, bonnets, and head cloths].

Source: Byzantinoslavica , 56., 3 ( 1995): Pages 769 - 778.
Year of Publication: 1995.

167. Record Number: 1608
Author(s): Kottenhoff, Margarete.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die Miniaturen des "Livre de la Cité des Dames" als historiche Quellen

Source: Historisches Jahrbuch , 115., 2 ( 1995): Pages 335 - 361.
Year of Publication: 1995.

168. Record Number: 1612
Author(s): Fabrié, Marie- Luce.
Contributor(s):
Title : Images de la femme dans les consoles sculptées de la fin du gothique en Languedoc Oriental

Source: La Femme dans l' histoire et la société méridionales (IXe-XIXe S.): Actes du 66e congrés. . Fédération historique du Languedoc méditerranéen et du Roussillon, 1995. Historisches Jahrbuch , 115., 2 ( 1995): Pages 243 - 254.
Year of Publication: 1995.

169. Record Number: 1647
Author(s): Durliat, Marcel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sculpture gothique. Un nouveau regard sur la châsse de Sainte Eulalie à la cathédrale de Barcelone [summary of an article by Josep Bracons Clapés, "Lupo di Francesco, mestre pisà, autor del sepulcre de Santa Eulàlia" published in D'Art 19 (1993): 43-51].

Source: Bulletin Monumental , 153., 1 ( 1995): Pages 80
Year of Publication: 1995.

170. Record Number: 2768
Author(s): Thümmel, Hans Georg.
Contributor(s):
Title : Muttergottesikonen und Mariengnadenbilder

Source: Byzantinoslavica , 56., 3 ( 1995): Pages 759
Year of Publication: 1995.

171. Record Number: 569
Author(s): Jost, Jean E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hearing the Female Voice: Transgression in "Amis and Amiloun"

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 10., ( 1995): Pages 116 - 132. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Southeastern Medieval Association
Year of Publication: 1995.

172. Record Number: 172
Author(s): Harline, Craig.
Contributor(s):
Title : Actives and Contemplatives: The Female Religious of the Low Countries Before and After Trent

Source: Catholic Historical Review , 81., 4 (Oct. 1995): Pages 541 - 567.
Year of Publication: 1995.

173. Record Number: 15
Author(s): Henderson, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Miraculous Childbirth and the Portinari Altarpiece

Source: Art Bulletin (Full Text via JSTOR) 77, 2 (June 1995): 249-261. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

174. Record Number: 2446
Author(s): Hahn, Cynthia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Icon and Narrative in the Berlin Life of St. Lucy (Kupferstichkabinett MS. 78 A4)

Source: The Sacred Image East and West. Edited by Robert Ousterhout and Leslie Brubaker . Illinois Byzantine Studies IV. University of Illinois Press, 1995. Pages 72 - 90.
Year of Publication: 1995.

175. Record Number: 94
Author(s): Stowasser, Barbara.
Contributor(s):
Title : Impassioned Mother or Passive Icon: The Virgin's Role in Late Medieval and Early Modern Passion Sermons

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 48, 2 (Summer 1995): 227-261. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

176. Record Number: 1119
Author(s): Federico, Sylvia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Transgressive Teaching and Censorship in a Fifteenth- Century Vision of Purgatory [explores tensions within and without the female-authored text in which women are the spiritual teachers].

Source: Mystics Quarterly , 21., 2 (June 1995): Pages 59 - 67.
Year of Publication: 1995.

177. Record Number: 1163
Author(s): Brooks, Sarah T.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Double Portrait of Kale Kavalasea from Mistra [Kale is represented in secular and monastic dress along with her daughter and son].

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 21., ( 1995): Pages 79
Year of Publication: 1995.

178. Record Number: 420
Author(s): Van Dyke, Carolynn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clerk's and Franklin's Subjected Subjects [individual agency of Dorigen and Griselda].

Source: Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 17., ( 1995): Pages 45 - 68.
Year of Publication: 1995.

179. Record Number: 233
Author(s): Biscoglio, Frances M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Unspun Heroes: Iconography of the Spinning Woman in the Middle Ages

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 25., 2 ( 1995): Pages 163 - 176.
Year of Publication: 1995.

180. Record Number: 486
Author(s): Kelly, Eamonn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sheela-na-gigs: Symbol and Meaning in Transition [Thirtieth International Congress on Medieval Studies, the Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 1995. Thirtieth Symposium on the Sources of Anglo- Saxon Culture, co- sponsered by the Institute and CEMERS, Binghamton University. Session 92].

Source: Old English Newsletter , 28., 3 (Spring 1995):
Year of Publication: 1995.

181. Record Number: 150
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Case of the Beata Simona: Iconography, Hagiography, and Misogyny in Three Paintings by Taddeo di Bartolo

Source: Art History , 18., 2 (June 1995): Pages 154 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1995.

182. Record Number: 4684
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Women as Patrons: Nuns, Widows, and Rulers

Source: Siena, Florence, and Padua: Art, Society, and Religion, 1280-1400. Volume II: Case Studies. Edited by Diana Norman . Yale University Press in association with The Open University, 1995. Art History , 18., 2 (June 1995): Pages 242 - 266.
Year of Publication: 1995.

183. Record Number: 2448
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Reflections on St. Luke's Hand: Icons and the Nature of Aura in the Burgundian Low Countries During the Fifteenth Century [argues that the fifteen copies of Cambrai's "Virgin and Child" icon were commissioned as part of a fund raising effort for the liberation of Constantinople from the Ottomans].

Source: The Sacred Image East and West. Edited by Robert Ousterhout and Leslie Brubaker . Illinois Byzantine Studies IV. University of Illinois Press, 1995. Art History , 18., 2 (June 1995): Pages 132 - 146.
Year of Publication: 1995.

184. Record Number: 1484
Author(s): Neal, Sharon Bryant.
Contributor(s):
Title : Las Donas e las femnas, las tozas avinens: Women in "La Canso de la Crozada" [while Guilhem de Tudela primarily limits women's roles to that of victim, the continuator of La Canso shows women as leaders and even fighters in the war against the Northern French forces; as a member of Southern society it was natural for him to represent women with more detail and care; the appendix reproduces thirty-nine excerpts from the "Canso de la Crozada" that deal with women].

Source: Tenso , 10., 2 (Spring 1995): Pages 110 - 138.
Year of Publication: 1995.

185. Record Number: 238
Author(s): Harf-Lancner, Laurence.
Contributor(s):
Title : Serpente et le sanglier. Les manuscrits enluminés des deux romans français de "Mélusine"

Source: Moyen Age , 101., 1 ( 1995): Pages 65 - 87.
Year of Publication: 1995.

186. Record Number: 6021
Author(s): Pinchard, Bruno.
Contributor(s):
Title : La Mort de la dame. Mythologie d'un marbre selon Dante [The author traces similarities between Dante's writings and the tomb of Ilaria del Carretto, wife of the lord of Lucca].

Source: Ilaria del Carretto e il suo monumento: la donna nell'arte, la cultura, e la società del '400. Atti del convegno Internazionale di Studi, 15-16-17 Settembre, 1994, Palazzo Ducale, Lucca. Edited by Stéphane Toussaint. Translated by Clotilde Soave Bowe. . Edizioni S. Marco Litotipo, 1995. Moyen Age , 101., 1 ( 1995): Pages 305 - 314.
Year of Publication: 1995.

187. Record Number: 913
Author(s): Caille, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ermengarde, Vicomtesse de Narbonne (1127/29-1196/97): Une grande figure feminine du Midi aristocratique [focuses on Ermengarde's youth and old age when, despite long years of skillful rulership, she was forced out of power by her nephew, Pierre de Lara].

Source: La Femme dans l' histoire et la société méridionales (IXe-XIXe S.): Actes du 66e congrés. . Fédération historique du Languedoc méditerranéen et du Roussillon, 1995. Moyen Age , 101., 1 ( 1995): Pages 9 - 50.
Year of Publication: 1995.

188. Record Number: 187
Author(s): Hunt, Lucy-Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fine Incense of Virginity: A Late Twelfth Century Wallpainting of the Annuciation at the Monastery of the Syrians, Egypt

Source: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 19., ( 1995): Pages 182 - 232.
Year of Publication: 1995.

189. Record Number: 436
Author(s): Kinoshita, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Politics of Courtly Love: "La Prise d' Orange" and The Conversion of the Saracen Queen

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 265 - 287. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

190. Record Number: 1681
Author(s): Shepard, Jonathan.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Marriage Too Far? Maria Lekapena and Peter of Bulgaria [Byzantine politics, relations with Bulgaria, and Maria's possible impact on Bulgarian court culture].

Source: The Empress Theophano: Byzantium and the West at the Turn of the First Millennium. Edited by Adelbert Davids . Cambridge University Press, 1995. Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 121 - 149.
Year of Publication: 1995.

191. Record Number: 149
Author(s): Sekules, Veronica.
Contributor(s):
Title : Beauty and the Beast: Ridicule and Orthodoxy in Architectural Marginalia in Early Fourteenth-Century Lincolnshire [sculpted corbels, several of women representing various sins].

Source: Art History , 18., 1 (March 1995): Pages 37 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1995.

192. Record Number: 2447
Author(s): Ousterhout, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Virgin of the Chora: An Image and Its Contexts [discussion of the mosaic icon of the Virgin in the church of the Chora Monastery in terms of its part in a decorative program that called upon a complex symbolism; also discusses the importance of the Virgin "orans" motif in the related images known as "Blachernitissa," "Episkepsis," and "Platytera"].

Source: The Sacred Image East and West. Edited by Robert Ousterhout and Leslie Brubaker . Illinois Byzantine Studies IV. University of Illinois Press, 1995. Art History , 18., 1 (March 1995): Pages 91 - 109.
Year of Publication: 1995.

193. Record Number: 1527
Author(s): Calvo González, José.
Contributor(s):
Title : Femme et monstre dans l'imaginaire médiéval et de la Renaissance (Analyses narratives et idéographiques d'une allégorie)

Source: La Femme dans l' histoire et la société méridionales (IXe-XIXe S.): Actes du 66e congrés. . Fédération historique du Languedoc méditerranéen et du Roussillon, 1995. Art History , 18., 1 (March 1995): Pages 231 - 241.
Year of Publication: 1995.

194. Record Number: 2767
Author(s): Pohl-Resl, Brigitte.
Contributor(s):
Title : Vorsorge, Memoria und soziales Ereignis: Frauen als Schenkerinnen in den bayerischen und alemannischen Urkunden des 8. und 9. Jahrhunderts

Source: Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung , 103., 40241 ( 1995): Pages 265 - 287.
Year of Publication: 1995.

195. Record Number: 1506
Author(s): Dufresne, Laura Rinaldi
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Warriors: A Special Case from the Fifteenth Century: "The City of Ladies" [manuscript illustrations from the later fifteenth century generally ignore or distort the military, moral, and heroic qualities of Christine's women warriors in favor of domestic scenes and aristocratic women's fashions].

Source: Women's Studies , 23., 2 ( 1994): Pages 111 - 131.
Year of Publication: 1994.

196. Record Number: 5577
Author(s): Morgan, Nigel.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Coronation of the Virgin by the Trinity and Other Texts and Images of the Glorification of Mary in Fifteenth-Century England

Source: England in the Fifteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1992 Harlaxton Symposium. . Harlaxton Medieval Studies , 4., ( 1994): Pages 223 - 241.
Year of Publication: 1994.

197. Record Number: 6334
Author(s): Lyman, Brigitte.
Contributor(s):
Title : Enftflammen und Löschen: Zur Ikonographie des Liebeszaubers vom Meister des Bonner Diptychons

Source: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 57., ( 1994): Pages 111 - 122.
Year of Publication: 1994.

198. Record Number: 16624
Author(s): Hughes, Diane Owen
Contributor(s):
Title : Mourning Rites, Memory, and Civilization in Premodern Italy [Diane Owen-Hughes argues that women's active role in mourning was a longstanding tradition of the Mediterranean and was frequently accomodated by Church officials. In late medieval Italy civic authorities acted to marginalize women's involvement by legislating their behavior, the kinds of mourning garb they could wear, and, in many cases, preventing even close female relatives from attending the funeral mass and burial. A male commemoration was given preference instead with men's funerary oratory and the new movement torward constructing elaborate tombs. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Riti e rituali nelle società medievali. Edited by Jacques Chiffoleau, Lauro Martines, and Agostino Paravicini Bagliani . Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, 1994. Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 57., ( 1994): Pages 23 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1994.

199. Record Number: 2012
Author(s): Earenfight, Theresa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maria of Castile, Ruler or Figurehead? A Preliminary Study in Aragónese Queenship [analysis of Maria's rule as Lieutenant General during her husband's absences, 1421-1423 amd 1435-1453].

Source: Mediterranean Studies , 4., ( 1994): Pages 45 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1994.

200. Record Number: 3346
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Images of Women in Anglo-Saxon Art V: Matron as Ring-giver in Harley 630 [The author argues that the illumination for Psalm 130.2 shows a mother blessing her departing son and giving him an armband, symbol of the property he will inherit].

Source: Old English Newsletter , 28., 1 (Fall 1994): Pages 22 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1994.

201. Record Number: 1883
Author(s): Smartt, Daniel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cruising Twelfth-Century Pilgrims [analysis of the sexual elements found in the Moissac "Luxuria" and a miracle story involving male pilgrims].

Source: Edited by Whitney Davis Journal of Homosexuality , 27., 40180 ( 1994): Pages 35 - 55. Published simultaneously in Gay and Lesbian Studies in Art History. Edited by Whitney Davis. Haworth Press, 1994. 35-55
Year of Publication: 1994.

202. Record Number: 1486
Author(s): Smith, Susan L.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Nude Judith from Padua and the Reception of Donatello's Bronze David [argues that the bronze statuette of Judith is modelled on Donatello's David and shares with it an ambiguous, eroticized vision of the usual heroic nude].

Source: Comitatus , 25., ( 1994): Pages 59 - 80. [contributions are accepted from graduate students and those who have received their doctorate within the last three years]
Year of Publication: 1994.

203. Record Number: 1920
Author(s): Simons, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Lesbian (In)Visibility in Italian Renaissance Culture: Diana and Other Cases of "donna con donna"

Source: Edited by Whitney Davis Journal of Homosexuality , 27., 40180 ( 1994): Pages 81 - 122. Published simultaneously in Gay and Lesbian Studies in Art History. Edited by Whitney Davis. Haworth Press, 1994. 81-122
Year of Publication: 1994.

204. Record Number: 1556
Author(s): Bolduc, Michelle
Contributor(s):
Title : The Disruptive Discourse: Women in the Margins of the "Bayeux Tapestry" and the "Hours of Catherine de Clèves"

Source: Romance Languages Annual , 6., ( 1994): Pages 18 - 22.
Year of Publication: 1994.

205. Record Number: 1507
Author(s): Even, Yael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Andrea del Castagno's "Eve": Female Heroes as Anomalies in Italian Renaissance Art

Source: Woman's Art Journal (Full Text via JSTOR) 14, 2 (Fall 1993/Winter 1994): 37-42. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1993-1994.

206. Record Number: 11206
Author(s): Giannarelli, Elena.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Miracles in Christian Biography, (IVth-Vth centuries) [While miracles are a common feature in saint’s lives, the only saints who actually work miracles are male. Female saints, rather than making miracles happen, have miraculous things happen to them. Christian biographers use miraculous signs and omens exterior to woman herself in order to demonstrate the saintly status of the woman. They do not relate miraculous actions performed by the woman herself. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Patristica , 25., ( 1993): Pages 376 - 380. Papers presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 1991. Biblica et Apocrypha, Orientalia, Ascetica
Year of Publication: 1993.

207. Record Number: 11207
Author(s): Gillette, Gertrude, O. S. B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Radegund’s Monastery of Poitiers: the Rule and its Observance [When she founded her monastery, Radegund established a Rule which stated that a nun must not leave the monastery up to the time of her death. While the Rule was intended to limit the nuns’ contact with the outside world, the nuns actually had frequent interactions with outsiders. Daily life did not necessarily correspond to the Rule, and nuns could adapt their interpretation of the Rule to suit special circumstances or to serve their own personal motivations. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Patristica , 25., ( 1993): Pages 381 - 387. Papers presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 1991. Biblica et Apocrypha, Orientalia, Ascetica
Year of Publication: 1993.

208. Record Number: 11665
Author(s): Barasch, Frances K.
Contributor(s):
Title : Norwich Cathedral: The Bauchun Chapel Legend of the Accused Queen [Thirty-two sculpted bosses in Bauchun Chapel retell the Virgin's miracle of the queen falsely accused. The author argues that the sculptors drew on a number of different sources including the "Gesta Romanorum," an early Latin miracle of the Virgin, and Gautier de Coinci's retelling of the miracle in verse. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Early Drama, Art, and Music Review , 15., 2 (Spring 1993): Pages 63 - 75.
Year of Publication: 1993.

209. Record Number: 8581
Author(s): Miskimin, Harry A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Widows Not So Merry: Women and the Courts in Late Medieval France [The essay considers the practice of widows standing before the law courts to establish their economic and inheritance rights. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. English Studies , 73., 1 ( 1992): Pages 207 - 219.
Year of Publication: 1992.

210. Record Number: 10364
Author(s): Shell, Janice and Grazioso Sironi
Contributor(s):
Title : Cecilia Gallerani: Leonardo’s Lady with an Ermine [The authors identify the sitter for Leonardo’s portrait as Cecilia Gallerani, the mistress of Duke Ludovico Sforza. It is not the lady’s resemblance to other women in other contemporary portraits but the iconography of the painting that identifies her. She holds an ermine (weasel) because Sforza's emblem was the ermine, or because the Greek word for ermine is “gale” (a pun on the lady’s surname). Cecilia may also have been the model for the pointing angel in Leonardo’s “Virgin of the Rocks.” The Appendix transcribes six Latin documents concerning Cecilia. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Artibus et Historiae , 13., 25 ( 1992): Pages 47 - 66.
Year of Publication: 1992.

211. Record Number: 6270
Author(s): Francalanci, Andrea.
Contributor(s):
Title : Le tre grazie della "Primavera" del Botticelli: La danza fra allegoria e realtà storica [Botticelli organized the figures in the "Primavera" using the configurations of a dance; court dance was just being developed in this period with geometric circles, with their philosophical implication of perfection, and hierarchic lines as possible configurations; the meaning assigned to the figures in the painting vary, but a courtier of the period could imagine the interactions of various symbolic figures in a meaningful dance].

Source: Medioevo e Rinascimento , ( 1992): Pages 23 - 37.
Year of Publication: 1992.

212. Record Number: 6603
Author(s): Blum, Shirley Neilsen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hans Memling's "Annunciation" with Angelic Attendants [the author argues that Memling's interpretation is unique in his emphasis on Mary and the doctrinal meaning of the moment of the incarnation; the author cites imagery and iconography that convey purity, the nuptial bed, and the blessed womb].

Source: Metropolitan Museum Journal , 27., ( 1992): Pages 43 - 58.
Year of Publication: 1992.

213. Record Number: 8576
Author(s): Tallan, Cheryl.
Contributor(s):
Title : Opportunities for Medieval Northern European Jewish Widows in the Public and Domestic Spheres [The author suggests that some Jewish widows became prominent in the public domain, but only insofar as they took over the duties of their late husbands. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Metropolitan Museum Journal , 27., ( 1992): Pages 115 - 127.
Year of Publication: 1992.

214. Record Number: 8633
Author(s): Block, Elaine C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Half Angel - Half Beast: Images of Women on Misericords [The author investigates the reasons why carvings of women appear on misericords, and shows how these carvings evoke women's negative associations with abstract vices, beasts, and devils. A comprehensive list of women on misericords appears at the end of the article. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Reinardus: Yearbook of the International Reynard Society , 5., ( 1992): Pages 17 - 34.
Year of Publication: 1992.

215. Record Number: 8687
Author(s): Graham, Helena.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Woman's Work ...: Labour and Gender in the Late Medieval Countryside [Closely studying court rolls, the author investigates what kinds of labor women performed and were associated with in medieval Staffordshire. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman is a Worthy Wight: Women in English Society c. 1200-1500. Edited by P.J.P. Goldberg . Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992. Reinardus: Yearbook of the International Reynard Society , 5., ( 1992): Pages 126 - 148.
Year of Publication: 1992.

216. Record Number: 8579
Author(s): Mitchell, Linda E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Noble Widowhood in the Thirteenth Century: Three Generations of Mortimer Widows, 1246-1334 [The author looks at three generations of noble widows in Wales, considering the important roles they held in the public sphere. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Artibus et Historiae , 13., 25 ( 1992): Pages 169 - 190.
Year of Publication: 1992.

217. Record Number: 9528
Author(s): Mitchell, Linda E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lady is a Lord: Noble Widows and Land in Thirteenth-Century Britain [Independent noble widows were common in medieval England; many chose to remain single after the death of a husband, thereby holding large amounts of land and maintaining control over their families and their tenants. These women actively participated in the public sphere, and social class carried greater importance than gender in defining their roles. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 18., 1 (Winter 1992): Pages 71 - 97.
Year of Publication: 1992.

218. Record Number: 10014
Author(s): Rothschild, Judith Rice.
Contributor(s):
Title : Empowered women and manipulative behaviors in Chrétien's "Le Chevalier au Lion" and "Le Chevalier de la Charrete" [The author investigates the figure of the "controlling" or "manipulative" woman in the romances of Chretien. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 7., ( 1992): Pages 171 - 185.
Year of Publication: 1992.

219. Record Number: 10006
Author(s): Tarvers, Josephine Koster.
Contributor(s):
Title : “Thys ys my mystrys boke”: English Women and Readers and Writers in Late Medieval England [Women actively participated in manuscript culture and literary production in fourteenth and fifteenth century England. Manuscript evidence shows they could be owners of books as well as translators and scribes. The author provides many examples of manuscripts that were written by and for (and circulated among) women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Uses of manuscripts in literary studies: essays in memory of Judson Boyce Allen. Edited by Charlotte Cook Morse, Penelope Reed Doob, and Marjorie Curry Woods Studies in medieval culture . Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1992. Reinardus: Yearbook of the International Reynard Society , 5., ( 1992): Pages 305 - 327.
Year of Publication: 1992.

220. Record Number: 10225
Author(s): King, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval and Renaissance Matrons, Italian-style [Women were able to commission art and architecture in fourteenth and fifteenth century Italy in a variety of ways, even if their involvement in the production of images and construction of buildings wasn’t as widespread as men’s. For instance, wealthy widows could control the making of large, public images such as funerary altarpieces, while nuns could commission artwork and buildings through convent endowments. Through their acts of patronage, these “matrons” challenged conventional expectations that women inhabit a small, private sphere. The author also analyzes how women chose to represent themselves visually within the works they commissioned. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 55., ( 1992): Pages 372 - 393.
Year of Publication: 1992.

221. Record Number: 10300
Author(s): Hepburn, Frederick.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Portraiture of Lady Margaret Beaufort [The article surveys the various surviving portraits of Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Antiquaries Journal , 72., ( 1992): Pages 118 - 140.
Year of Publication: 1992.

222. Record Number: 10527
Author(s): Opitz, Claudia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Life in the Late Middle Ages [The late-medieval era was a period of enormous change for women in work, family, life, and religion. Although women had an inferior legal status (laws limited their rights within the family and public sphere), some freedom did exist for women within marriage. Aristocratic women could be very influential because of their economic standing, middle class women could control household budgets, and rural women and wives of urban craftsmen sometimes had their status as laborers recognized. The author provides an overview of motherhood, fertility, contraception, women’s work (in rural and urban environments), and women’s participation in the fields of education, healing, health care, and crafts. Single women and widows could exert some power in their marginal positions. The author views convents as empowering institutions for women, although some people had anxieties about the status of women mystics. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Antiquaries Journal , 72., ( 1992): Pages 267 - 317.
Year of Publication: 1992.

223. Record Number: 10524
Author(s): Wemple, Suzanne Fonay.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women from the Fifth to the Tenth Century [The author gives an overview of laws regarding women (particularly those concerning marriage, divorce, and inheritance), in Roman law, in Germanic cultures, in Merovingian times, and in the Carolingian period. The author also describes women’s participation in religion (women in monastic orders as well as wives of deacons and priests) and women’s participation in scholarly and artistic activity (including women as scribes and authors). Monasteries gave women more access to education and more opportunities to assume active roles in scholarship and art. The decentralization of church and state in the tenth century also allowed women to make more creative social contributions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Medieval Perspectives , 7., ( 1992): Pages 169 - 201.
Year of Publication: 1992.

224. Record Number: 14682
Author(s): Smith, Jeffrey Chipps.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margaret of York and the Burgundian Portrait Tradition [The author surveys nine surviving manuscript paintings of Margaret, arguing that she was the first Burgundian duchess to develop an individualized image. Her representations emphasize her devotional piety and charity but also take motifs from ducal portraits. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Margaret of York, Simon Marmion, and "The Visions of Tondal": Papers Delivered at a Symposium organized by the Department of Manuscripts of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Collaboration with the Huntington Library and Art Collections, June 21-24, 1990. Edited by Thomas Kren . J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992. Antiquaries Journal , 72., ( 1992): Pages 47 - 56.
Year of Publication: 1992.

225. Record Number: 20784
Author(s): Zalewska, Katarzyna
Contributor(s):
Title : Corona Beatissime Virginis Mariae Das mittelalterliche gemalte Marientraktat aus der Bernhardinerkirche in Breslau [Examines the scenes illustrated in the pictorial medallions of the panel painting, with particular emphasis on their relationship to contemporary Franciscan interpretations of the Coronation of the Virgin. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 51., ( 1992): Pages 57 - 65.
Year of Publication: 1992.

226. Record Number: 20785
Author(s): Larsen, Britta Martensen
Contributor(s):
Title : Die Bedeutung mittelalterlicher Miniaturen für Carl Th. Dreyers Film "La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc" [Analyzes the similarities between the sets designed by Hermann Warm for the 1927 film "La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc" and the illuminated miniatures in the Livre des Merveilles and Les très riches heures du Duc de Berry.Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte , 51., ( 1992): Pages 136 - 149.
Year of Publication: 1992.

227. Record Number: 10289
Author(s): Dobson, Barrie.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Role of Jewish Women in Medieval England [The article studies some of the conditions of life for medieval Jewish women in England, particularly in terms of the pressures to convert to Christianity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Christianity and Judaism: papers read at the 1991 Summer Meeting and the 1992 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Edited by Diana Wood Studies in Church History, 29. Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society, 1992. Medieval Perspectives , 7., ( 1992): Pages 145 - 167.
Year of Publication: 1992.

228. Record Number: 9498
Author(s): Johnson, Lynn Staley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margery Kempe: social critic [The article considers Kempe as a socialcommentator, and discusses the way she uses her particular vision of social reality not only to support her spiritual biography, but to critique the community. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 22., 2 (Spring 1992): Pages 159 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1992.

229. Record Number: 10176
Author(s): Scott, Karen.
Contributor(s):
Title : St. Catherine of Siena, "Apostola" [The author argues that Catherine has most often been viewed either as the activist supporter of the papacy or the miraculous mystic celebrated in the canonization process. Scott argues that the autobiographical material in her letters paints a different picture. She saw herself as an apostle, a wandering preacher and peacemaker who integrated both the political and the visionary in a life of sacrifice and service. Scott suggests that she may have led such an active and unconvential life in part because she was not concerned about gender distinctions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Church History (Full Text via JSTOR) 61, 1 (March 1992): 34-46. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1992.

230. Record Number: 8688
Author(s): Archer, Rowena E.
Contributor(s):
Title : How Ladies ... Who Live on Their Manors Ought to Manage Their Households and Estates: Women as Landholders and Administrators in the Later Middle Ages [The author studies the range of administrative roles held by women landholders and estate managers in medieval England. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman is a Worthy Wight: Women in English Society c. 1200-1500. Edited by P.J.P. Goldberg . Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992. Pages 149 - 181.
Year of Publication: 1992.

231. Record Number: 10366
Author(s): Bernstein, Joanne G.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Female Model and the Renaissance Nude: Durer, Giorgione, and Raphael

Source: Artibus et Historiae , 13., 26 ( 1992): Pages 49 - 63.
Year of Publication: 1992.

232. Record Number: 10365
Author(s): Bull, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Two Portraits by Leonardo: "Ginevra de’ Benci" and the "Lady with an Ermine."

Source: Artibus et Historiae , 13., 25 ( 1992): Pages 67 - 83.
Year of Publication: 1992.

233. Record Number: 8689
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : And Hir Name was Charite: Charitable Giving by and for Women in Late Medieval Yorkshire [Using evidence from Yorkshire wills, the author attempts to determine patterns of female charity and poverty in fifteenth-century England. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman is a Worthy Wight: Women in English Society c. 1200-1500. Edited by P.J.P. Goldberg . Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992. Artibus et Historiae , 13., 25 ( 1992): Pages 182 - 211.
Year of Publication: 1992.

234. Record Number: 10195
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Images of Women in Anglo-Saxon Art III: A Paean for a Queen: The Frontispiece to the "Encomium Emmae Reginae"

Source: Old English Newsletter , 26., 1 (Fall 1992): Pages 56 - 58.
Year of Publication: 1992.

235. Record Number: 9486
Author(s): Lucas, Peter J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Judith and the Woman Hero [The author demonstrates that the Old English poem “Judith” uses the female Biblical hero to illustrate the theme of the power of faith. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Yearbook of English Studies , 22., ( 1992): Pages 17 - 27.
Year of Publication: 1992.

236. Record Number: 10269
Author(s): Leja, Meg
Contributor(s):
Title : Mythology, Women and Renaissance Private Life: the Myth of Eurydice in Italian Furniture Painting [The author considers the increasing focus on Eurydice's suffering and death, as well as on her feminine desirability, in Renaissance Italian furniture painting featuring the Orpheus myth. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Art History , 15., 2 ( 1992): Pages 127 - 145.
Year of Publication: 1992.

237. Record Number: 10250
Author(s): Holloway, Julia Bolton.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bride, Margery, Julian, and Alice: Bridget of Sweden’s Textual Community in Medieval England [Kempe models her devotional practices on Saint Bridget of Sweden, replicating the saint’s writings, life, and pilgrimages through her own book and travels. In her pilgrimages, Kempe visited the same sites Bridget did in her lifetime. Pilgrimage was available to both men and women, and writing a text enabled women to gain some access to power by narrating their travels. The author traces the lives, texts, and travels of historical figures like Saint Bridget of Sweden and Julian of Norwich, as well as Dame Alison (Chaucer’s fictional Wife of Bath). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Margery Kempe: A Book of Essays. Edited by Sandra J. McEntire . Garland Publishing, 1992. Art History , 15., 2 ( 1992): Pages 203 - 222.
Year of Publication: 1992.

238. Record Number: 9068
Author(s): Dickson, Gary.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clare's Dream [The author examines the canonization documents of Saint Clare of Assisi. The records depict her as a strong and determined woman who forsook her rich family and embraced a spiritual life, following the example set by Francis of Assisi. They also indicate that after Francis' death, Clare had a dream in which she sucked milk from his breast. After describing various scholars' interpretations of the dream, the author suggests that the dream demonstrates Clare's intimacy with and dependency upon Francis. It presents a more human side to the heroic woman described in later hagiographical texts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Mediaevistik , 5., ( 1992): Pages 39 - 55.
Year of Publication: 1992.

239. Record Number: 6602
Author(s): Martens, Maximiliaan P. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Epitaph of Anna van Nieuwenhove [the author argues that the donor portrait of a young woman with St. Anne, the Virgin, and the infant Christ was intended to memorialize Anna de Blasere who died shortly after giving birth; the painting probably hung in the Church of Our Lady in Bruges near the Nieuwenhove family monument].

Source: Metropolitan Museum Journal , 27., ( 1992): Pages 37 - 42.
Year of Publication: 1992.

240. Record Number: 8630
Author(s): Ewan, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Scottish Portias: Women in the Courts in Mediaeval Scottish Towns [The author considers the extent to which medieval Scottish women were able to use the court system to advance their own interests. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of the Canadian Historical Association , 3., ( 1992): Pages 27 - 43.
Year of Publication: 1992.

241. Record Number: 8573
Author(s): Hanawalt, Barbara A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Widow's Mite: Provisions for Medieval London Widows [The author uses London plea roles and wills to examine the extent to which widows were able to recover their dowers, and suggests that widows actively participated in medieval law courts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association , 3., ( 1992): Pages 21 - 45.
Year of Publication: 1992.

242. Record Number: 8575
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Widows in the Medieval English Countryside [The author, while arguing that widows took an active part in the legal issues of households in rural medieval England, also explores the problematics of their legal status. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association , 3., ( 1992): Pages 69 - 114.
Year of Publication: 1992.

243. Record Number: 10522
Author(s): Frugoni, Chiara.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Imagined Woman [The author provides an overview of visual representations of women in the medieval Christian West. Women were represented in a variety of art forms (including manuscripts, paintings, frescos, and sculptures). These images of women reflected perceived expectations of their roles (as virgins, wives, or widows) and reinforced Church doctrine on the sexual regulation of women, women’s roles within marriage, and women’s perceived duties within the domestic and religious spheres. The author argues that most of these representations are misogynistic; although women sometimes appear as saints (like the Virgin Mary) they often take the form of sinners and temptresses (like Eve). The author also examines how the visual arts use women as personifications of virtues and vices or other abstract concepts. In addition, the author argues that images provide insights into women’s private and daily lives, as well as the nature of women’s literacy and the variety of their occupations. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association , 3., ( 1992): Pages 336 - 422.
Year of Publication: 1992.

244. Record Number: 7414
Author(s): Scherb, Victor I.
Contributor(s):
Title : Worldly and Sacred Messengers in the Digby "Mary Magdalene" [The author claims that, in the Digby "Mary Magdalene" play, Mary herself becomes an active Christian messenger or preacher. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: English Studies , 73., 1 ( 1992): Pages 1 - 9.
Year of Publication: 1992.

245. Record Number: 8686
Author(s): Goldberg, P.J.P.
Contributor(s):
Title : For Better, for Worse: Marriage and Economic Opportunity for Women in Town and Country [The article considers the difference in economic opportunities for women between towns and rural areas, and argues that economic autonomy had an impact on the age at which women married. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman is a Worthy Wight: Women in English Society c. 1200-1500. Edited by P.J.P. Goldberg . Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992. English Studies , 73., 1 ( 1992): Pages 108 - 125.
Year of Publication: 1992.

246. Record Number: 8574
Author(s): Crabb, Ann Morton.
Contributor(s):
Title : How Typical Was Alessandra Macinghi Strozzi of Fifteenth-Century Florentine Widows? [The author studies a Florentine widow who became an agent and representative of her family (a role normally unavailable to patrician women, but one that carried many hardships) after her husband's death in exile. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

247. Record Number: 12288
Author(s): Kazhdan, A. P. and A.-M. Talbot
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Iconoclasm [The authors briefly survey women's activities in support of icons, including those individuals who were later honored as saints, women who wrote hymns, and female correspondents of Abbot Theodore of Stoudios. Although iconoclasm was defeated, many of its principles triumphed including anti-feminism. Women's public roles were curtailedand their efforts to defend icons were obscured in the historic record. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantinische Zeitschrift , 84., ( 1991): Pages 391 - 408. Reprinted in Women and Religious Life in Byzantium. By Alice-Mary Talbot. Variorum Collected Studies Series. Ashgate, 2001. Article 3
Year of Publication: 1991.

248. Record Number: 10887
Author(s): Coakley, John
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and the Authority of Friars: The Significance of Holy Women for Thirteenth-Century Franciscans and Dominicans [In their letters and other writings, friars often reflected on their relationships with devout women. As preachers, friars exerted pastoral authority over devout women, but they also saw these particular women as having a privileged relationship with God. Although the friars admired the close relationship these women had with the divine, they also asserted their own distance and superiority over the women along the lines of gender difference. At the same time, the friars used gender difference as a means of expressing doubts about themselves and the limits of their own powers. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Church History , 60., 4 ( 1991): Pages 445 - 460.
Year of Publication: 1991.

249. Record Number: 13054
Author(s): Germain, Ellen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Lunete, Women, and Power in Chrétien's "Yvain" [One of the Curtain Talk given before performances of "The Lark." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romance Quarterly , 38., 1 (February 1991): Pages 15 - 25.
Year of Publication: 1991.

250. Record Number: 11210
Author(s): Matlock, Wendy A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marginality as Woman’s Freedom: The Case of Floripe [In Jean Bagnyon’s 1478 prose rendition of “Fierabras” (a twelfth-century poem), Floripe (the sister of Fierabras) is a rare example of a woman who lives an active life. Floripe’s magical, near-divine otherness as a Saracen princess allows her extraordinary scope of action in both the public and domestic spheres. As an outsider to Christian society, she is able to act freely, and even after her marriage to a Christian nobleman she remains in a powerful space between two societies. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association , 12., ( 1991): Pages 41 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1991.

251. Record Number: 16592
Author(s): Solterer, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Figures of Female Militancy in Medieval France [The article discusses the sexual dimensions of medieval tournaments, and shows that the gender roles enforced by chivalry do not change much when women are represented as warriors and combatants. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 16, 3 (Spring 1991): 522-549. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1991.

252. Record Number: 11798
Author(s): Ciletti, Elena.
Contributor(s):
Title : Patriarchal Ideology in the Renaissance Iconography of Judith [The author suggests that, in the medieval and Renaissance periods, artists and interpreters alike used Judith to produce the patriarchal categories of chastity and sexual license. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Pages 35 - 70.
Year of Publication: 1991.

253. Record Number: 11800
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : “The Most Serious Duty”: Motherhood, Gender, and Patrician Culture in Renaissance Venice [The essay analyzes the gendered child-rearing roles of patrician families in republican Venice, and shows that women were able to work with or against the wishes of their husbands. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Pages 133 - 154. Republished in slightly altered form as “The Most Serious Duty”: Motherhood, Gender, and Patrician Culture. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 169-182. [Reprinted in The Italian Renaissance. Edited by Paula Findlen. Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Pages 173-191
Year of Publication: 1991.

254. Record Number: 10685
Author(s): Secor, John R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Le porpenser: Forethought Before Speech or Action in "Tisbe" and "Nicolette" [The female protagonists in these two French courtly poems present the woman's role as one of premeditated action and careful planning. The male's role, conversely, is brutish; the male protagonists only act in response to sudden emotion and are ridiculed as a result. In contrast to conventional depictions of lovers who meditate upon their lovers and daydream randomly, these women display active goal-oriented thinking. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 6., ( 1991): Pages 76 - 86.
Year of Publication: 1991.

255. Record Number: 10891
Author(s): Hunt, Lucy-Anne
Contributor(s):
Title : A Woman’s Prayer to Saint Sergios in Latin Syria: Interpreting a Thirteenth-century Icon at Mount Sinai [The icons at Saint Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai include one depicting a black-veiled woman keeling in prayer before an equestrian Saint Sergios. The symbolic significance of the woman’s black veil is unknown, but the painting may indicate the imp

Source: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 15., ( 1991): Pages 96 - 145.
Year of Publication: 1991.

256. Record Number: 11228
Author(s): Tallan, Cheryl.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Jewish Widows: Their Control of Resources

Source: Jewish History , 5., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 63 - 74.
Year of Publication: 1991.

257. Record Number: 9543
Author(s): Frank, Hardy Long.
Contributor(s):
Title : Seeing the Prioress Whole [While many literary critics seek to psychoanalyze Chaucer’s Prioress, a more productive way to understand her is to examine the role of prioresses in fourteenth-century England. Prioresses were well-respected; they oversaw the daily activities of convents, entertained travelers of all classes, and traveled frequently on business trips. Rather than being childlike, sentimental, or naive, the Prioress is a capable professional woman who deserves respect. The Prioress’s Marian tale is also well-suited to her vocation and may perhaps refer to Chaucer’s own associations with the cult of Notre Dame du Puy. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Chaucer Review , 25., 3 ( 1991): Pages 229 - 237.
Year of Publication: 1991.

258. Record Number: 11818
Author(s): Cassell, Anthony K.
Contributor(s):
Title : Santa Lucia as Patroness of Sight: Hagiography, Iconography, and Dante [The role of Saint Lucy in Dante's Divine Comedy is manifold, as the saint bears multiple symbolic and allegorical meanings in the poem. Early accounts of her life present the saint as an exemplum of fortitude, but later narratives depict her as a beautiful virgin martyr whose eyes were plucked out. Representations of Saint Lucy in art often feature her holding her eyes on a dish or platter, highlighting her role as the patroness of sight. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dante Studies , 109., ( 1991): Pages 71 - 88.
Year of Publication: 1991.

259. Record Number: 13048
Author(s): Stanton, Anne Rudloff
Contributor(s):
Title : The Role of Women in the Old Testament Preface of the "Queen Mary Psalter"

Source: Manuscripta , 35., 3 (November 1991): Pages 171
Year of Publication: 1991.

260. Record Number: 8660
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Lollardy: A Reassessment [The author examines the role of women in the Lollard movement (a heretical sect in medieval England) by focusing on a Lollard community in fifteenth-century East Anglia. Members of this community believed that women as well as men could become preachers; they held that marriage was a private affair that did not need solemnization in church; and many social factors, such as the influence of one’s immediate social circle, compelled both men and women to join the movement. The author explores the court records of two female Lollards, Hawise Mone and Margery Baxter, and shows them to be assertive and daring women. Nonetheless, the author concludes that women were not any more involved in the Lollard movement than they were in orthodox religion. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: Canadian Journal of History , 26., ( 1991): Pages 199 - 223.
Year of Publication: 1991.

261. Record Number: 12670
Author(s): Dufresne, Laura Rinaldi
Contributor(s):
Title : A Woman of Excellent Character: A Case Study of Dress, Reputation, and the Changing Costume of Christine de Pizan in the Fifteenth Century [The author surveys fifteenth century manuscript representations of Christine de Pizan. During her lifetime in manuscripts prepared under her supervision, Christine is presented in modest dress as befits a scirbe and court author. This is in keeping with the message of "Le Trésor" which emphasizes proper conduct for women of every social group. Manuscripts from later in the century, however, give her greater authority by depicting her in furs, elaborate headdresses, and other fashions of contemporary high-born ladies. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dress: Annual Journal of the Costume Society of America , 17., ( 1990): Pages 104 - 117.
Year of Publication: 1990.

262. Record Number: 12669
Author(s): Song, Cheunsoon and Lucy Roy Sibley
Contributor(s):
Title : The Vertical Headdress of Fifteenth Century Northern Europe [The authors surveyed works of art for evidence of women's headdresses. They classified these vertical arrangements into six types involving netting, veils, padded rolls known as "bourrelets," and tall cones. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dress: Annual Journal of the Costume Society of America , 16., ( 1990): Pages 4 - 15.
Year of Publication: 1990.

263. Record Number: 12748
Author(s): Al-Heitty, Abd Al-Kareem.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Contrasting Spheres of Free Women and Jawari in the Literary Life of the Early Abbasid Caliphate [Women, both bond and free, contributed much to Arabic literary life in the courts of the Abbasid caliphs. The poetry of women poets illustrates the overlapping social spheres occupied by free noble women and jawari (female slaves or prisoners of war) in early Abbasid times. Women of the courts could play active roles in governance and education and also played a crucial role in majalis (courtly social gatherings) by composing and performing poetry or facilitating more serious assemblies for intellectual discussion. However, as the luxury of the court increased and the number of jawari in the court grew, noble born upper class women began to be subjected to more circumscribed social roles and strict moral codes. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Al-Masåq , 3., ( 1990): Pages 31 - 51.
Year of Publication: 1990.

264. Record Number: 12751
Author(s): Leyser, Karl.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Anglo-Norman Succession 1120-1125 [When the son and heir of Henry I died in a shipwreck, Henry made his barons pledge allegiance to his daughter Matilda (wife of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor) as his new heir, but Matilda faced great opposition from others who claimed the throne. Although they were ultimately unsuccessful, both Matilda and her husband actively waged numerous military and diplomatic campaigns attempting to secure Matilda’s succession to the throne. It is clear from the accounts of medieval historians like Orderic Vitalis that Henry V hoped to present Matilda as not only his claim to the Anglo-Norman territories but also as the future mother of a new emperor. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Anglo-Norman Studies , 8., ( 1990): Pages 225 - 241.
Year of Publication: 1990.

265. Record Number: 12802
Author(s): Enright, Michael J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Goddess Who Weaves: Some Iconographic Aspects of Bracteates of the Fürstenberg Type [The author identifies a possible Nordic weaving goddess on a bracteate, and suggests that further study in this area may allow scholars to perceive continuities between German paganism and the High Middle Ages. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , 24., ( 1990): Pages 54 - 70.
Year of Publication: 1990.

266. Record Number: 12872
Author(s): Williamson, Joan B.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lady with the Unicorn and the Mirror [The article discusses the relationship between literature and the Tapestries of the Lady with the Unicorn in the Musée de Cluny, Paris. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Reinardus: Yearbook of the International Reynard Society , 3., ( 1990): Pages 213 - 225.
Year of Publication: 1990.

267. Record Number: 12801
Author(s): Edbury, Peter
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Orderic Vitalis [The author argues that, in his writing, Orderic treated women as part of the social order, not as a class apart; Orderic also showed women acting, albeit in limited roles, in his society. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Haskins Society Journal , 2., ( 1990): Pages 105 - 121. Reprinted in Piety, Power, and History in Medieval England and Normandy. By Marjorie Chibnall. Ashgate Variorum, 2000. Article 6
Year of Publication: 1990.

268. Record Number: 12692
Author(s): Kaske, R. E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Amnon and Thamar on a Misericord in a Hereford Cathedral [Although the majority of misericords appear to depict secular scenes, one misericord in the Hereford Cathedral may in fact depict a Biblical scene: the episode of Amnon and Thamar (here, Amnon makes advances toward his half-sister Thamar just before he rapes her). Rather than being too unsuitable or obscure for an appearance on a misericord, this episode of rape and incest was well known and often moralized by medieval commentators. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Traditio , 45., ( 1990): Pages 1 - 10.
Year of Publication: 1990.

269. Record Number: 12766
Author(s): Kalavrezou, Ioli Despina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Images of the Mother: When the Virgin Mary Became Meter Theou [The author discusses the ways in which Mary’s motherhood became an increasingly important feature of Byzantine hagiography and iconography. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 44., ( 1990): Pages 165 - 172.
Year of Publication: 1990.

270. Record Number: 12860
Author(s): McLaughlin, Megan.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Woman Warrior: Gender, Warfare, and Society in Medieval Europe [The article studies the small group of medieval women warriors, and considers its implications for gender and society. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's Studies , 17., 40241 ( 1990): Pages 193 - 209.
Year of Publication: 1990.

271. Record Number: 12790
Author(s): Jewell, Helen M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women at the Courts of the Manor of Wakefield, 1348-1350 [The author studies the fourteenth-century manorial court rolls from Wakefield in order to study women’s involvement in petty crime, in landholding and civil pleas activities, and in miscellaneous entries which offer information about the economic and social standing of individual women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Northern History , 26., ( 1990): Pages 59 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1990.

272. Record Number: 15595
Author(s): Bedos, Rezak, Brigitte
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Women in French Sigillographic Sources [The author analyzes surviving seals used to authenticate the owners' agreements on charters and other documents. The iconography falls into three categories: 1) Images on women's Seals, 2) Female representations on women's seals, 3) Female representations on other seals. The article was later republished in Form and Order in Medieval France: Studies in Social and Quantitative Sigillography. By Brigitte Bedos-Rezak. Variorum, 1993. Article 10. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Medieval Women and the Sources of Medieval History. Edited by Joel T. Rosenthal . University of Georgia Press, 1990. Northern History , 26., ( 1990): Pages 1 - 36.
Year of Publication: 1990.

273. Record Number: 11192
Author(s): Harris, Barbara J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Property, Power, and Personal Relations: Elite Mothers and Sons in Yorkist and Early Tudor England [Women were often marginalized by patriarchal power structures that placed the father at the head of the family, but the birth of a son often elevated the wife’s position. Since the first son was greatly valued in a system of primogenitural inheritance, noble mothers often had close emotional ties to their sons. The political and social future of the family often rested on the mother’s ability to manage the household, display the family’s wealth and status, and negotiate marriages and other alliances for the family’s children. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 15, 3 (Spring 1990): 606-632. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1990.

274. Record Number: 12797
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : On the Origins and Role of 'Wise Women' in Causes For Annulment on the Grounds of Male Impotence [Article includes an abstract. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 16., 3 ( 1990): Pages 235 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1990.

275. Record Number: 23429
Author(s): Ramón Muntaner, Don
Contributor(s):
Title : A Profitable Sideline to Gardening (1283) [From Chronicle]

Source: The Broadview Book of Medieval Anecdotes. Edited by Richard Kay, compiler . Broadview Press, 1988. Reinardus: Yearbook of the International Reynard Society , 3., ( 1990): Pages 257 - 258.
Year of Publication: 1988.

276. Record Number: 23430
Author(s): Froissart, Jean, Chronicler
Contributor(s):
Title : The Countess of Montfort Defends Her City (1342) [From Chronicles]

277. Record Number: 30909
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Primavera (Spring)